Canadian State Air Services

Order of Battle · Canada

Canadian State Air Services

Services aériens de l’État canadien · Gendarmerie royale du Canada — Services de l’air · Service aérien gouvernemental du Québec

This is not an air force and it is not one service either. It is the flying the Canadian state does outside the Canadian Armed Forces: the Royal Canadian Mounted Police with about thirty aircraft at nineteen air sections, a federal flight department that has just moved from Transport Canada to National Defence and flies the Coast Guard’s twenty-three helicopters, and — the real weight of it — nine provincial and three territorial air services that between them own almost every water bomber in the country. Canada designed the water bomber, built 220 of them at Cartierville and North Bay, and is building the next one outside Calgary; and yet nobody commands any of this. The RCMP commissioner cannot task an Ontario CL-415, no premier can call on Ottawa’s Dash 8s, and the border service and the customs service own no aircraft at all.

No national marking, and no roundelNothing on this page carries a military marking. Every aircraft here flies on a Canadian civil registration in the C-F and C-G blocks under the Canadian Aviation Regulations, most of them under a commercial air operator certificate, which is why a Coast Guard Bell 429 and a flying club Cessna sit in the same register
Royal Canadian Mounted PoliceWhite with a blue cheatline and the force’s name on the fuselage in both official languages, Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Gendarmerie royale du Canada. The three chartered Black Hawks wear their operators’ own schemes, not police colours
Canadian Coast GuardRed with a white stripe, the same scheme the ships wear, and Canadian Coast Guard / Garde côtière canadienne along the boom. Owned by the Coast Guard, flown until 1 April 2026 by Transport Canada staff, and since 2 September 2025 the property of a department of National Defence
Transport CanadaWhite with a red cheatline and the Canada wordmark. The National Aerial Surveillance Program Dash 8s carry sensor fairings above and below the fuselage that make them unmistakable from any angle
Provincial water bombersEach province paints its own. Ontario’s CL-415 are yellow and red with a fleet number on the fin; Québec’s are yellow and black with the fleur-de-lis; Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador each differ again. There is no common Canadian firefighting scheme and never has been
Air ambulanceOrange and white at Ornge, whose name is a deliberate misspelling of the colour; red and white at STARS; and the Saskatchewan government scheme on the King Airs at Saskatoon. Only the last of the three is a government aircraft
Canadair and the fleet numberCanadian water bombers carry a large two- or three-digit tanker number on the nose or fin rather than a unit code, because the number is what an air attack officer calls on the radio. The convention crosses provincial boundaries even though nothing else does
0Combat aircraft
27Active air bases
1937Founded
12Types retired
Photo: Quintin Soloviev / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0)
CountryCanadaFounded1937StatusActiveHeadquartersNone — Ottawa for the federal services
The story

Canadian state aviation: forty-five provincial water bombers, a Coast Guard that does not fly its own helicopters, and no one in charge

1924: thirteen Curtiss flying boats and the first government air service of its kind

Canadian state aviation begins in Ontario, not Ottawa. In 1924 the province stood up the Ontario Provincial Air Service with thirteen Curtiss flying boats to spot forest fires from the air, and it is still flying a century later as Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services out of Sault Ste. Marie. The federal services came later and separately: Transport Canada raised what became the Aircraft Services Directorate in 1936, and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police established Air Services on 1 April 1937 with four de Havilland DH.90 Dragonflies, registered CF-MPA to CF-MPD, flying the first patrol out of Moncton on 22 May 1937. The war took all four aircraft and their crews into the Royal Canadian Air Force. Nothing about this was planned as a system, and it never became one.

The water bomber is a Canadian answer to a Canadian problem

The water bomber is the part of this story that the rest of the world bought. Canadair began project studies as the CL-43 and then the CL-204 in 1962; Québec’s forestry service, tired of converted Canso flying boats, asked for something better; the CL-215 programme was authorised on 1 February 1966 and the prototype flew from Cartierville on 23 October 1967. The first production aircraft went to the French Sécurité civile in June 1969 and Québec ordered fifteen. One hundred and twenty-five were built to 1990. A turbine conversion, the CL-215T, first flew on 8 June 1989, and the new-build turbine aircraft, the CL-415, flew on 6 December 1993 and was assembled at North Bay in Ontario from 1998. Ninety-five were built before Bombardier closed the line in October 2015.

Who owns the water bombers, and who only rents them

Which province owns its water bombers and which merely hires them is the single most misunderstood thing on this page. Ontario owns nine CL-415 and flies them with its own crews. Québec owns fourteen scoopers — eight CL-415, two CL-215T and four piston CL-215 — flies them with government pilots of the Service aérien gouvernemental, and lends them to SOPFEU, a non-profit forest protection society, to task. Saskatchewan owns six CL-215T, three Convair 580A and seven Turbo Commander bird dogs. Newfoundland and Labrador owns five CL-415. Alberta owns four CL-215T and contracts everything else. Manitoba owns seven Canadairs but handed their operation to Air Spray and Babcock in 2018. British Columbia, with the largest aerial firefighting effort in the country, owns not one aircraft: all forty or so are contractors’. Conair and Coulson are companies, not air services.

Ottawa’s tangle: the Coast Guard’s helicopters, Transport Canada’s pilots, National Defence’s payroll

The federal picture is a tangle that readers get wrong almost every time. The Canadian Coast Guard owns sixteen Bell 429 and seven Bell 412EPI. Until 2026 it did not fly them: Transport Canada’s Aircraft Services Directorate supplied the pilots and the engineers, which is why the aircraft appeared on Transport Canada paperwork while wearing Coast Guard red. Then the machinery of government moved twice. An order in council of 2 September 2025 transferred the Coast Guard itself from Fisheries and Oceans to National Defence, and on 1 April 2026 the Aircraft Services Directorate followed it out of Transport Canada into the Coast Guard. Transport Canada kept the National Aerial Surveillance Programme, flying three Dash 8s and about 3,500 hours a year hunting oil on the water since 1991.

Police and patients: the RCMP, the provincial forces and the air ambulances

The police flying is mostly federal, because the RCMP polices eight provinces and all three territories under contract. Its air sections fly Pilatus PC-12s on the long northern legs, light Cessnas for surveillance and about nine helicopters, and in 2025 it chartered three Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawks from two Ontario operators to patrol the American border. Only two provinces run their own police air arm: Ontario, whose Provincial Police fly from Orillia, and Quebec, where the Sûreté du Québec’s three helicopters are owned and flown for it by the government air service at Saint-Hubert. Air ambulance is different again. Saskatchewan has flown patients since 1946, the oldest organised civil air medical service in North America; Ontario’s Ornge is a provincially funded charity with twenty aircraft of its own; STARS in the prairie provinces is a donor-funded charity with ten Airbus H145.

2024–2026: the DHC-515 revival, Black Hawks on the border and a bad fire year

The present is a procurement wave and a hard fire record. De Havilland Canada, which bought the type certificate through Viking Air in 2016, is building the DHC-515 Firefighter at a new plant in Wheatland County east of Calgary, ground broken on 15 May 2026; the first 22 aircraft go to six European countries, and the Canadian orders behind them — three for Manitoba, six for Ontario, five for Alberta — will not arrive before 2031. Meanwhile the old fleet works. On 25 June 2026 a Northwest Territories bird dog, a Turbo Commander out of Hay River, crashed west of Fort Simpson and killed three people, and Saskatchewan grounded three of its own of the same model. In July 2026, with nearly 200 fires burning, two of Ontario’s nine CL-415 were down for repair.

The water bomber is the part of this story that the rest of the world bought.Canadian State Air Services · verified 2026-09-21

At a glance

The Canadian State Air Services in numbers

Service

What this is
Three layers of flying, no single serviceA federal police air branch under the RCMP; a federal flight department that moved from Transport Canada to the Canadian Coast Guard, and so to National Defence, on 1 April 2026; and the air services of nine provinces and the Northwest Territories, which own almost all of Canada’s water bombers. None of it is part of the Canadian Armed Forces and none of the aircraft is armed.
Founded
1 April 1937 (RCMP Air Services)The date the largest of these services was raised, with four de Havilland DH.90 Dragonflies and a first patrol from Moncton on 22 May 1937. It is not the oldest: the Ontario Provincial Air Service began in 1924 with thirteen Curtiss flying boats and is still flying, and Transport Canada’s aircraft service dates from 1936.
Departments and ministries
  • Royal Canadian Mounted Police — Air Services Branch, the largest single fleet
  • Transport Canada — the National Aerial Surveillance Program and the civil aviation fleet
  • National Defence, through the Canadian Coast Guard — the Coast Guard’s 23 helicopters and, since 1 April 2026, the former Transport Canada Aircraft Services Directorate
  • National Research Council — the Flight Research Laboratory at Ottawa
  • Nine provincial governments and the Northwest Territories — wildfire, police and air ambulance flying; Yukon and Nunavut contract everything

Fourteen or more separate procurement routes. There is no common training pipeline, no common registration block and no body that speaks for the whole of it; the nearest thing is the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre in Winnipeg, which brokers aircraft between provinces rather than commanding any.

Heads of service
  • Commissioner of the RCMP, Ottawa — answerable for the Air Services Branch
  • Director General, RCMP Air Services
  • Commissioner of the Canadian Coast Guard — owner of the helicopters, and since September 2025 part of National Defence
  • The deputy minister of each provincial natural resources or transportation ministry — for that province’s water bombers

Nobody commands Canadian state aviation as a whole, and that is a constitutional fact rather than an oversight: forest fire protection is a provincial responsibility under section 92 of the Constitution Act, 1867, and policing is shared. Ottawa can fund aircraft and it does, but it cannot order a provincial water bomber into the air.

Registrations and liveries
  • Canadian civil marks in the C-F and C-G blocks — there are no military serials on this page
  • RCMP: white with a blue cheatline and the force’s name in both official languages
  • Canadian Coast Guard: red hull with a white stripe, the same scheme as the ships
  • Provincial water bombers: yellow and red in Ontario, yellow and black in Quebec, each province its own

Because everything is civil-registered, these aircraft appear in the Canadian Civil Aircraft Register alongside bush operators and flying clubs, which is one reason the fleet totals published for them vary so much.

What they do not do
Fight, and carry the prime ministerThere is no combat record on this page. Canadian federal executive transport is not civil either: the prime minister and the governor general fly in CC-144 Challengers of 412 Transport Squadron, Royal Canadian Air Force, from Ottawa. The only government executive jet outside the armed forces was provincial and lasted days — Ontario bought a Challenger 650 in April 2026 and announced on 20 April that it would sell it again.

Strength

RCMP aircraft
31Twenty-two fixed-wing and nine rotary-wing at nineteen air sections in every province and territory, with 180 staff, on the force’s own figures published in September 2024. An industry profile of July 2023 counted 34 and gave a type breakdown whose sub-totals do not add to its own total, which is why the force’s figure is used here. Three chartered Black Hawks are additional to it.
Coast Guard helicopters
23Sixteen Bell 429 and seven Bell 412EPI, all built at Mirabel in Quebec and delivered between 2015 and 15 September 2021 under a renewal programme worth more than 338 million Canadian dollars. They replaced sixteen MBB Bo 105 and six Bell 212 that were 26 to 30 years old.
Water bombers owned by provinces
45Nine CL-415 in Ontario; eight CL-415, two CL-215T and four CL-215 in Quebec; six CL-215T in Saskatchewan; four CL-415 and three CL-215 in Manitoba; five CL-415 in Newfoundland and Labrador; four CL-215T in Alberta. Add Saskatchewan’s three Convair 580A and one Q400AT and the provincially owned tanker fleet is 49. British Columbia, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Yukon and Nunavut own none.
Aircraft on order
14 DHC-515Six for Ontario at more than 500 million dollars, five for Alberta at 400 million and three for Manitoba at 80 million down. None of them will fly a Canadian fire before about 2031, because the first 22 aircraft off the Calgary line are contracted to Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
Air ambulance aircraft
about 38 state or state-fundedTwenty at Ornge in Ontario — twelve Leonardo AW139 and eight Pilatus PC-12 NG, owned outright by a provincially funded charity; ten Airbus H145 at STARS across Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, funded by donations and provincial grants; four King Air B200 at Saskatchewan Air Ambulance, which is a government programme; and Quebec’s two Challengers and two Dash 8s, which are government aircraft outright.
Customs and border aircraft
NoneThe Canada Border Services Agency operates no aircraft. Border air work is done by the RCMP, which chartered three Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawks in 2025 and bought 60 drones, with more than 40 more lent by the Canadian Armed Forces. Where the French Douane and the Italian Guardia di Finanza fly their own fleets, Canada’s border and customs agency asks the Mounties.

Infrastructure

Provincial and territorial air services
  • Ontario — Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services, Sault Ste. Marie, 28 aircraft
  • Quebec — Service aérien gouvernemental, Québec City, 21 aircraft and more than 250 staff
  • Saskatchewan — Public Safety Agency, Prince Albert and Regina, 17 aircraft
  • Manitoba — ten provincially owned aircraft, operated under contract by Air Spray since 2018
  • Newfoundland and Labrador — five CL-415 at Gander
  • Alberta — four CL-215T at Slave Lake plus a large contracted fleet
  • Northwest Territories — ten air tankers and four bird dogs in four groups

British Columbia runs the largest aerial firefighting operation in the country, around forty aircraft at full season, and owns none of them. New Brunswick works through Forest Protection Limited, a company the province is the majority shareholder of, which is neither quite state nor quite private.

Coast Guard helicopter bases
nineShearwater, St. John’s, Stephenville, Charlottetown and Saint John in the Atlantic region; Québec City and Parry Sound in the central region; Victoria and Prince Rupert on the Pacific. Two aircraft deploy aboard icebreakers in the Arctic each summer.
Federal flight department
40 aircraft, an Ottawa headquarters and fourteen other bases, about 325 staffThe figures published for Transport Canada’s Aircraft Services Directorate in 2018, the last full public account: six Cessna Citation 550, five King Air C90A, two Dash 8-100, one Dash 7 ice reconnaissance aircraft, four Bell helicopters and the 22 Coast Guard machines it then flew, about 15,000 hours a year. The whole directorate moved to the Coast Guard on 1 April 2026.
Water bomber production
220 built in Canada, and countingOne hundred and twenty-five CL-215 at Cartierville in Montréal between 1969 and 1990, ninety-five CL-415 to October 2015 with final assembly at North Bay in Ontario from 1998, and the DHC-515 now being assembled at Calgary. No other country has ever built a purpose-designed amphibious water bomber in series.

Structure

How the Canadian State Air Services is organised

One federal police air branch, one federal flight department that changed department twice in seven months, and the provincial and territorial air services. No single commander, no common training pipeline, and a border agency and a customs service that own no aircraft at all.

Federal department

Royal Canadian Mounted Police

RCMP
Ottawa

Owns the largest single state aviation fleet outside the armed forces: 31 aircraft at 19 air sections in every province and territory, with 180 staff. Air Services was established on 1 April 1937. It also runs the border Aerial Intelligence Task Force and more than 200 drones.

Air branch

RCMP Air Services Branch

ASB
Ottawa

Nineteen semi-autonomous air sections under central policy direction. Pilatus PC-12s carry the northern work; Airbus H125s do the helicopter work; three chartered Black Hawks patrol the American border.

Federal department

Transport Canada

TC
Ottawa

Runs the National Aerial Surveillance Program and writes the Canadian Aviation Regulations under which every aircraft on this page flies. It lost its own flight department on 1 April 2026.

Programme

National Aerial Surveillance Program

NASP
Ottawa

Three Dash 8s at Ottawa, Moncton and Vancouver, about 3,500 hours a year, flying pollution patrol with side-looking radar and infrared and ultraviolet line scanners since 1991.

Federal department

Department of National Defence

DND
Ottawa

Since 2 September 2025 the department responsible for the Canadian Coast Guard, and since 1 April 2026 for the former Transport Canada flight department as well. The Coast Guard remains civilian.

Federal agency

Canadian Coast Guard

CCG
Ottawa

Owns 23 helicopters — sixteen Bell 429 and seven Bell 412EPI — at nine bases on three coasts, and since 1 April 2026 employs the pilots and engineers who fly them.

Flight department

Aircraft Services Directorate

ASD
Ottawa

Founded 1936, about 40 aircraft, an Ottawa headquarters and fourteen other bases, and 325 staff at its last full public accounting, flying for eight client organisations. Transferred from Transport Canada to the Coast Guard on 1 April 2026.

Federal agency

National Research Council of Canada

NRC
Ottawa

The Flight Research Laboratory at Ottawa: ten research aircraft including a Convair 580 atmospheric laboratory, two fly-by-wire variable-stability helicopters, a Global 6500 defence testbed and the last government T-33 in Canada.

Federal agency

Canada Border Services Agency

CBSA
Ottawa

Operates no aircraft. Border air work is done for it by the RCMP.

Non-profit

Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre

CIFFC
Winnipeg

Owned by the federal, provincial and territorial wildfire agencies, it moves aircraft and crews between jurisdictions. From 2026 ten federally leased aircraft under a 316.7 million dollar programme are requested through it. It has no command authority.

Provincial ministry

Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources

MNR
Sault Ste. Marie

Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services: 28 aircraft including nine CL-415, dispatched from Sault Ste. Marie since 1924. Six DHC-515 on order. The province registered a Challenger 650 in April 2026 and announced its sale the same month.

Provincial ministry

Ministère des Transports et de la Mobilité durable du Québec

MTMD
Québec

The Service aérien gouvernemental: 21 aircraft and more than 250 staff at Québec City, covering firefighting, aeromedical evacuation and police flying in one organisation. Founded 1960.

Non-profit

Société de protection des forêts contre le feu

SOPFEU
Québec

Tasks Québec’s fourteen water bombers without owning any of them. Funded by the province and the forest industry.

Provincial agency

Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency

SPSA
Regina

Created in 2020 and the institutional heir of Saskatchewan Government Airways. Seventeen aircraft: six CL-215T, three Convair 580A, one Dash 8-Q400AT and seven bird dogs.

Provincial ministry

Manitoba Wildfire Service

MWS
Winnipeg

Owns four CL-415, three CL-215 and three bird dogs and has contracted their operation to Air Spray and Babcock since 29 November 2018. Three DHC-515 on order.

Provincial ministry

Alberta Forestry and Parks — Alberta Wildfire

AB Wildfire
Edmonton

Owns four CL-215T and contracts the rest: Electras, Convairs and Air Tractor Fire Bosses grouped in nines. Five DHC-515 on order at 400 million dollars.

Provincial service

BC Wildfire Service

BCWS
Kamloops

Around forty aircraft at the height of a season and no aircraft owned. Everything is contracted, mostly through BC Bid in early spring.

Provincial ministry

NL Department of Transportation and Infrastructure

NL TI
St. John’s

Five CL-415 at Gander with reload bases at Wabush, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Deer Lake and St. John’s.

Territorial department

GNWT Environment and Climate Change — Forest Management

GNWT ECC
Yellowknife

Ten air tankers and four bird dogs in four groups at Fort Smith, Yellowknife and Hay River, with tanker bases at Fort Simpson, Norman Wells and Inuvik.

Company

Forest Protection Limited

FPL
Fredericton

New Brunswick’s aerial firefighting operator, in which the province is a shareholder alongside forest companies. Air Tractor AT-802F from Fredericton with eleven reload bases, and contracts to other provinces.

Charity

Ornge

Mississauga

A not-for-profit corporation and registered charity funded by Ontario’s health ministry, owning twelve AW139 and eight PC-12 NG at fourteen bases, about 20,000 transports a year.

Charity

Shock Trauma Air Rescue Service

STARS
Calgary

Donor-funded, founded 1 December 1985 in Calgary, ten Airbus H145 at Calgary, Edmonton, Grande Prairie, Winnipeg, Regina and Saskatoon. Not a state operator.


In service

What the Canadian State Air Services flies today

Every type on charge, linked to its Book of Beasts page where one exists. Counts are aircraft on the books, not aircraft available on a given day.

Type Role In service Since Units Notes
Pilatus PC-12 NG / NGXIn service Utility and surveillance aeroplane — RCMP 16 RCMP Air Services — V Division 16 in an industry profile of July 2023.

More

The force does not publish a type breakdown; its own September 2024 figure is 22 fixed-wing aircraft in total, of which the PC-12 is much the largest part. Thirteen were on charge in 2007.

Cessna 206 Stationair and Cessna 208 CaravanIn service Light surveillance aeroplane — RCMP 7 RCMP Air Services — V Division 4 Cessna 206 and 3 Cessna 208 Caravan in a July 2023 industry profile of the branch.
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and Daher Kodiak 100In service Utility transport aeroplane — RCMP 2 RCMP Air Services — V Division 1 of each in the July 2023 profile. The Kodiak is the newest fixed-wing type the force flies.
Airbus Helicopters H125 (AS350 B3)In service Light utility helicopter — RCMP 6 RCMP Air Services — V Division 6 in the July 2023 profile, the largest part of a rotary fleet the force put at nine aircraft in September 2024.
Airbus Helicopters H120 Colibri and H145In service Light helicopter — RCMP 3 RCMP Air Services — V Division 2 H120 and 1 H145 in the July 2023 profile, within a rotary fleet the force put at nine in September 2024.
Sikorsky UH-60 Black HawkIn service Chartered border patrol helicopter — RCMP 3 2025 — 3 chartered, not owned, of which two were flying in September 2026: the third was voluntarily grounded over Transport Canada regulatory concerns.

More

Two came from Helicopter Transport Services of Carp, Ontario and one from Expedition Helicopters of Cochrane, Ontario in 2025; the 2026 contract, 1 June to 30 November, is with Helicopter Transport Services. Charters have been renewed repeatedly since 17 January 2025 and the cumulative bill is reported in tens of millions of dollars.

Remotely piloted aircraft systemsIn service Drones — RCMP — RCMP Air Services — V Division More than 200 systems reported in July 2023, with 60 more procured for border work and over 40 lent by the Canadian Armed Forces in 2025.

More

No single current total is published, so no number is given here.

Bell 429 GlobalRangerIn service Light utility helicopter — Canadian Coast Guard 16 2015 Coast Guard Aviation — Atlantic 16 delivered between 2015 and 15 September 2021, the last of them the 400th Bell 429 built. The Coast Guard is the type’s largest operator in the world.

More

A 2018 account of the fleet in service put the number then flying at 15.

Bell 412EPIIn service Medium utility helicopter — Canadian Coast Guard 7 2016 Coast Guard Aviation — Atlantic 7 ordered in April 2015 and all delivered by May 2017, replacing six Bell 212.
de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100 (Dash 8)In service Maritime surveillance aeroplane — Transport Canada 3 1991 National Aerial Surveillance Program 3, based at Moncton, Ottawa and Vancouver.

More

Two were in service by 2018 and a third airframe, a Dash 8-103, was bought second-hand from Avmax of Calgary and announced on 30 January 2020 for conversion.

de Havilland Canada DHC-7 (Dash 7 IR)In service Ice reconnaissance aeroplane — Transport Canada 1 Aircraft Services Directorate 1, a unique ice reconnaissance conversion listed in the directorate’s 2018 fleet.

More

UNVERIFIED whether it is still flying in 2026: no source consulted here confirms its status after the 2026 transfer, and it is carried as current only because no retirement has been announced.

Cessna Citation 550, Beechcraft King Air C90A and Bell 407 / 206BIn service Calibration, training and transport jet — Transport Canada 15 Aircraft Services Directorate 6 Citation 550, 5 King Air C90A and 4 Bell helicopters in the directorate’s 2018 fleet account, separate from the 22 Coast Guard machines it then flew.
Convair CV-580In service Atmospheric research laboratory — National Research Council 1 NRC Flight Research Laboratory 1, the best-known research aeroplane in Canada.
Dassault Falcon 20In service Research jet — National Research Council 1 NRC Flight Research Laboratory 1.
Bombardier Global 6500 (AD ASTRA)In service Defence research testbed — National Research Council 1 NRC Flight Research Laboratory 1, the newest and most capable aircraft in the NRC fleet.
Bell 412 ASRA, Bell 205A-1 and Bell 206BIn service Fly-by-wire airborne simulator — National Research Council 3 NRC Flight Research Laboratory 3 research helicopters: the Advanced Systems Research Aircraft, the older Bell 205 variable-stability machine and a Bell 206B.
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin OtterIn service Research aeroplane — National Research Council 1 NRC Flight Research Laboratory 1.
North American Harvard Mk IVIn service Training and demonstration aeroplane — National Research Council 1 NRC Flight Research Laboratory 1.
Canadair CT-133 Silver Star (T-33)In service High-speed research jet — National Research Council 1 NRC Flight Research Laboratory 1.
Cessna 337 (HEAT)In service Hybrid electric testbed — National Research Council 1 NRC Flight Research Laboratory 1. The Hybrid Electric Aircraft Testbed.
Canadair CL-415In service Amphibious water bomber — Ontario 9 Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services 9, of which two were grounded for maintenance and repair in July 2026 during a season with nearly 200 fires burning in the north. The fleet averaged about 24 years of age in 2024.
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter and DHC-2T Turbo BeaverIn service Utility transport aeroplane — Ontario 11 Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services 6 Twin Otter and 5 Turbo Beaver, part of a fixed-wing fleet of 20 within 28 aircraft. Some of the Beavers are about 55 years old and some Twin Otters about 53.
Helicopters (Airbus types)In service Utility and firefighting helicopters — Ontario 8 Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services 8 helicopters within a fleet of 28.

More

The province describes them only as Eurocopters able to lift up to 7,000 lb; Skies Magazine identifies them as EC130s; the ministry itself publishes no type breakdown.

Airbus Helicopters EC135 / H135In service Police helicopter — Ontario Provincial Police 2 2011 OPP Aviation Services 2 EC135 bought in 2011, which replaced an earlier ageing pair. Three more H135 were ordered on 15 September 2024 and are carried separately as on order.
Pilatus PC-12In service Utility and transport aeroplane — Ontario Provincial Police 1 OPP Aviation Services 1, based at Thunder Bay in the 2015 account of the unit; no more recent public figure was found.
Cessna 206 StationairIn service Traffic enforcement aeroplane — Ontario Provincial Police 1 OPP Aviation Services 1, based at Lake Simcoe Regional Airport.
Bombardier Challenger 650In service Government executive jet — Ontario 1 2026 — 1, registered C-FBBW, a 2016-built aircraft bought second-hand for 28.9 million Canadian dollars, imported on 7 April 2026 and registered on 10 April 2026.
Leonardo AW139In service Air ambulance helicopter — Ornge, Ontario 12 Ornge fixed-wing base 12, owned and operated by Ornge itself, across a network of bases. Ornge flies about 20,000 patient transports a year.
Pilatus PC-12 NGIn service Air ambulance aeroplane — Ornge, Ontario 8 Ornge fixed-wing base 8 in service in December 2024, being renewed and expanded to 12 under a 118 million dollar provincial programme running to 2030.
Canadair CL-415In service Amphibious water bomber — Québec 8 Service aérien gouvernemental 8 CL-415 within a scooper fleet of 14 stated by the Québec government in 2026.

More

A 42 million dollar programme announced in 2019 put the eight through Viking Air at Victoria for a life extension of at least 25 years.

Canadair CL-215 and CL-215TIn service Amphibious water bomber — Québec 6 Service aérien gouvernemental 6 within the scooper fleet of 14 stated by the province in 2026: four piston CL-215 and two turbine CL-215T.

More

The four pistons are the last radial-engined water bombers in Canadian government service.

Bombardier Challenger 601 and de Havilland Canada Dash 8In service Air ambulance jet — Québec 4 Service aérien gouvernemental 4 aeromedical aircraft: a Challenger 601-3R, a Challenger 601-3A and two Dash 8 of the 200 and 300 series. Two Challenger 650 have been bought to renew the jets.
Airbus H145, Bell 412EP and Bell 206B — Sûreté du QuébecIn service Police helicopter — Sûreté du Québec 3 2021 Sûreté du Québec — aerial operations 3 helicopters: an H145 bought second-hand for about 13 million Canadian dollars in August 2020 and delivered on 7 May 2021, a Bell 412EP of 2002 and a Bell 206B of 1980.
Canadair CL-215TIn service Amphibious water bomber — Saskatchewan 6 Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency — Air Operations 6 turbine scoopers, each carrying 1,200 imperial gallons, owned by the Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency.
Convair CV-580AIn service Land-based air tanker — Saskatchewan 3 Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency — Air Operations 3, each carrying 1,750 imperial gallons of retardant.

More

Four were in the fleet when the province announced on 23 April 2024 that they would be replaced, on the ground that they reach the end of their useful life in 2027.

de Havilland Canada Dash 8-Q400ATIn service Land-based air tanker — Saskatchewan 1 2025 Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency — Air Operations 1 delivered in late summer 2025, the first of four Q400 conversions bought for about 187.06 million Canadian dollars with 16.29 million of federal money.

More

Three more are due by the end of 2027 and are carried as on order.

Rockwell Turbo Commander (bird dog)In service Air attack command aeroplane — Saskatchewan 7 Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency — Air Operations 7, the largest bird dog fleet owned by any Canadian province.
Beechcraft King Air B200In service Air ambulance aeroplane — Saskatchewan 4 Saskatchewan Air Ambulance 4 medically equipped aircraft at Saskatoon, one of them rebuilt in 2025 with a larger door, a new stretcher system and an electric lift.
Canadair CL-215 and CL-415In service Amphibious water bomber — Manitoba 7 — 7 Canadair scoopers, four CL-415 and three CL-215, plus three Turbo Commander bird dogs.

More

All ten aircraft are owned by the province; Air Spray and Babcock have care and custody under a ten-year contract signed on 29 November 2018.

Canadair CL-215TIn service Amphibious water bomber — Alberta 4 Alberta Wildfire — air tanker group 4, built in the 1980s and turbine-converted.

More

The province put 14 further air tankers on suppression contracts in 2024 and says the five DHC-515 it has ordered will more than double its own tanker fleet.

Canadair CL-415In service Amphibious water bomber — Newfoundland and Labrador 5 NL Air Services 5.

More

The fifth aircraft was out of service since the damage after structural damage taken while scooping on the Burin Peninsula; a 14.8 million dollar repair contract was awarded to De Havilland in April 2025 with PAL Aerospace subcontracted, and the aircraft came home to Gander on 11 April 2026.

Air Tractor AT-802A Fire BossIn service Amphibious air tanker — Northwest Territories 8 GNWT Air Tanker Group 2 8 in the territorial fleet, four at Fort Smith and four at Yellowknife, within ten tankers and four bird dogs in four groups.
Lockheed L-188 ElectraIn service Land-based air tanker — Northwest Territories 2 GNWT Air Tanker Group 2 2, tankers 416 and 417 in Group 3 and Group 4 at Hay River.
Beechcraft King Air 100 and Turbo Commander (bird dog)In service Air attack command aeroplanes — Northwest Territories 4 GNWT Air Tanker Group 2 4: King Airs as bird dogs 101 and 102 at Fort Smith and Yellowknife, Turbo Commanders as 103 and 104 at Hay River.
Airbus Helicopters H125In service Helicopter water bomber — Nova Scotia 4 Nova Scotia air tanker base 4 ordered under a 25 million dollar contract with Airbus announced in 2024, after a 15 December 2023 decision to buy four.

More

All four had been delivered by July 2026, when Airbus announced the fleet renewal complete and the province announced the aircraft in service and named.

Airbus Helicopters H145 (D2 and D3)In service Air ambulance helicopter — STARS 10 STARS Winnipeg 10 in 2025: five H145 D3 and five upgraded H145 D2, replacing an older fleet from 2018 onwards.

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A federal contribution of 65 million dollars and provincial health funding paid for much of the renewal.

Air Tractor AT-802FIn service Air tanker — Forest Protection Limited, New Brunswick — Forest Protection Limited Number UNVERIFIED: the company does not publish a fleet count and no reliable current figure was found.

More

Four Fire Boss amphibians were added in recent years and four AT-802 with a Cessna Caravan bird dog were contracted to Nova Scotia for the 2026 season at 6.5 million dollars.

Rockwell Twin Commander (bird dog) — ManitobaIn service Air attack officer aircraft — Manitoba 3 — 3 Twin Commander bird dogs flown for the Manitoba Wildfire Service alongside four CL-415 and three CL-215, ten provincially owned aircraft in all.
PC-1216
Bell 42916
TC departmental fleet15
AW13912
Twin Otter / Beaver11
H14510
CL-4159
Helicopters8

On order

Type Ordered First delivery Notes
De Havilland Canada DHC-515 Firefighter (Ontario)On order 6 2031 Six aircraft at more than 500 million Canadian dollars, expected to join the Ontario fleet in the early 2030s.

More

It is the largest Canadian order for the type, and the third after Manitoba’s in June 2025 and Alberta’s in February 2026. Ontario is the largest provincial operator of the previous generation with nine CL-415, and the first of the new aircraft will not replace them one for one.

De Havilland Canada DHC-515 Firefighter (Alberta)On order 5 2031 Five aircraft at 400 million Canadian dollars, announced on 18 February 2026, first aircraft expected spring 2031.

More

The province says they will raise its total water drop capacity by about 60 per cent and more than double the tanker fleet it owns, which today is four CL-215T.

De Havilland Canada DHC-515 Firefighter (Manitoba)On order 3 2031 Three aircraft, an intent to purchase announced on 16 June 2025 and an 80 million dollar commitment confirmed afterwards, with the first joining the fleet for the 2031 fire season and the other two in 2032.

More

They replace the province’s CL-215 and CL-415. Manitoba was the first Canadian customer for the type.

de Havilland Canada Dash 8-Q400AT and Q400MRE (Saskatchewan)On order 3 2026 Three of a four-aircraft buy remaining after the first arrived in late summer 2025.

More

The buy is two Q400AT dedicated tankers and two Q400MRE multi-role aircraft that can be reconfigured for evacuation, patient transport or cargo; one Q400AT is already on charge, so one Q400AT and two Q400MRE are outstanding. The whole buy is about 187.06 million Canadian dollars with 16.29 million from Natural Resources Canada, and deliveries run to the end of 2027. They replace the Convair 580 fleet, four at the time of the 2024 announcement and three on the agency’s own listing today, which reaches the end of its life in 2027.

Pilatus PC-12 NGX (Ornge)On order 4 2025 Four aircraft on top of the eight in service, taking Ornge to twelve, under a 118 million dollar Ontario programme announced in November 2023 with deliveries between 2025 and 2030.

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A larger hangar at Sudbury is part of the same investment.

Pilatus PC-24 (Ornge)On order 2 2027 Two jets within a 93 million dollar Ontario investment announced on 17 December 2024, the first due in December 2027 and the second in early 2028, to be based in a new hangar at Lake Simcoe Regional Airport.

More

They are for ultra-long-distance transfers of critically ill patients, including paediatric, neonatal and bariatric cases.

Airbus Helicopters H135 (Ontario Provincial Police)On order 3 Three ordered on 15 September 2024 for Ottawa, the Greater Toronto Area and the Thunder Bay region, aimed at vehicle theft and organised crime.

More

Ontario budgeted 134 million Canadian dollars in 2024 for five new helicopters in total; the type of the remaining two has not been announced.

Replacement for the Transport Canada Dash 7 ice reconnaissance aircraftOn order — Not ordered, and included here because the gap is real. Canada flies one converted Dash 7 on ice reconnaissance for the Canadian Ice Service and has announced no successor.

More

UNVERIFIED whether the aircraft is still flying after the April 2026 transfer of the flight department to the Coast Guard.

Helicopters (Ontario, type not announced)On order 5 Announced on 17 July 2026 as part of an eleven-aircraft, 650 million Canadian dollar package for the Ontario fire programme: six water bombers and five helicopters.

More

The province has not named a helicopter type or a delivery date.

Bombardier Challenger 650 (Québec, ÉVAQ)On order 2 Two Challenger 650 bought to renew the Service aérien gouvernemental jets that fly the ÉVAQ air evacuation service for remote Québec. They replace two Challenger 601s.

Formerly operated

Every type the Canadian State Air Services has retired

12 types, from the Curtiss HS-2L flying boats to the MBB Bo 105. Peak figures are airframes taken on charge over the whole service life, not fleet strength on any one date.

Type Role Peak Served Replaced by Notes
MBB Bo 105 Light utility helicopter — Canadian Coast Guard 16 — Bell 429 16, replaced by the Bell 429 between 2015 and 2021. By the time they went they were between 26 and 30 years old.
Bell 212 Twin Two-Twelve Medium helicopter — Canadian Coast Guard 6 — Bell 412EPI 6, flown until 2017 and replaced by the seven Bell 412EPI.
Beechcraft King Air and de Havilland Canada Dash 8-103 Government executive transport — Alberta 4 — — 4: three King Air and one 1985-built Dash 8-103.

More

Three King Airs sold in 2015 for 6.1 million dollars to a North Dakota charter company, about 600,000 above the asking price; the Dash 8 was re-tendered.

Bombardier Challenger 600 Government executive jet — Ontario 1 1982–1983 — 1, bought in 1982 and sold about a year later.
Saskatchewan Government Airways fleet Crown airline aircraft — Saskatchewan — 1947–1965 — Numbers not established here.
de Havilland DH.90 Dragonfly Patrol biplane — RCMP 4 1937–1940 Norseman, Grumman Goose 4, registered CF-MPA, CF-MPB, CF-MPC and CF-MPD.
Noorduyn Norseman, Grumman Goose, DHC-2 Beaver and DHC-3 Otter Patrol and transport aeroplanes — RCMP — 1946– — Numbers not published as a single figure. These were the types the branch rebuilt on after 1945 and flew through the bush era.
Bell 47, Bell 206 JetRanger and LongRanger, Alouette III and Sikorsky S-61 Earlier Coast Guard helicopters — — — Numbers not published as a single figure. These are the types the Coast Guard flew before the Bo 105 and Bell 212 generation.
Curtiss HS-2L flying boats Fire patrol flying boats — Ontario 13 1924– — 13 aircraft, which the service describes as Curtiss flying boats; they are generally identified as the Curtiss HS-2L, the surplus American naval patrol type used by Canadian bush operators in the 1920s.
Consolidated PBY Canso Converted water bomber — Québec and Ontario — — Canadair CL-215 Numbers not established here. Converted wartime amphibians used for water bombing from the 1950s until the Canadairs replaced them.
Grumman CS2F Tracker Converted water bomber — Forest Protection Limited, New Brunswick — — Air Tractor AT-802F Numbers not established here. Ex-Royal Canadian Navy carrier anti-submarine aircraft converted to tankers.
Sikorsky S-76 Air ambulance helicopter — Ornge, Ontario — — Leonardo AW139 Numbers not established here. Ordered in a procurement that became the subject of a 2012 Ontario auditor general report.

Air bases

Where Canadian state aviation flies from

Almost none of these organisations owns an airfield. They are tenants — on international airports at Ottawa, Vancouver, Québec, Winnipeg and Toronto, on a Royal Canadian Air Force wing at Shearwater, on a former wartime relief field at Debert — and at Sault Ste. Marie a provincial service has held the same ground since 1924.

Active air base Closed or reserveClick a pin to open the base page
Base ICAO Status Runway Units and aircraft
Barrie-Lake Simcoe RegionalOntario CYLS Active 10/281,829 m
  • OPP Aviation Services: Airbus Helicopters EC135, Pilatus PC-12, Cessna 206
  • Ornge fixed-wing base: Pilatus PC-24
Billy Bishop Toronto CityOntario CYTZ Active 08/261,216 m06/24900 m
  • Ornge: Leonardo AW139, Pilatus PC-12 NG
CharlottetownPrince Edward Island CYYG Active 03/212,134 m10/282,134 m
  • Coast Guard Aviation — Prince Edward Island: Bell 429 GlobalRanger
DebertNova Scotia CCQ3 Active 09/271,524 m16/341,524 m05/23914 m
  • Nova Scotia air tanker base: Air Tractor AT-802F, Cessna 208 Caravan
DrydenOntario CYHD Active 12/301,827 m
  • AFFES Dryden: Canadair CL-415
FrederictonNew Brunswick CYFC Active 09/272,440 m15/331,829 m
  • Forest Protection Limited: Air Tractor AT-802F, Cessna 208 Caravan
GanderNewfoundland and Labrador CYQX Active 03/213,109 m13/312,713 m
  • NL Air Services: Canadair CL-415
IqaluitNunavut CYFB Active 16/342,623 m
  • RCMP Air Services — V Division: Pilatus PC-12 NG
MonctonNew Brunswick CYQM Active 06/243,048 m11/292,438 m
  • National Aerial Surveillance Program — East: de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100
Montréal Saint-HubertQuébec CYHU Active 06L/24R2,390 m06R/24L1,195 m10/28853 m
  • Sûreté du Québec — aerial operations: Airbus Helicopters H145, Bell 412EP, Bell 206B
Ottawa Macdonald-CartierOntario CYOW Active 14/323,048 m07/252,438 m04/221,006 m
  • Aircraft Services Directorate: Cessna Citation 550, Beechcraft King Air C90A, Bell 407, Bell 206B, Dash 7 IR
  • National Aerial Surveillance Program: de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100
  • NRC Flight Research Laboratory: Convair CV-580, Dassault Falcon 20, Bombardier Global 6500, Bell 412 ASRA, Bell 205A-1, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, Harvard Mk IV, Canadair CT-133 Silver Star, Cessna 337 HEAT
Prince Albert Glass FieldSaskatchewan CYPA Active 08/261,524 m16/34762 mgrass
  • SPSA Air Operations — Prince Albert: Canadair CL-215T, Convair CV-580A, Rockwell Turbo Commander
Prince Rupert — Seal CoveBritish Columbia CBY5 Active —
  • Coast Guard Aviation — Seal Cove: Bell 429 GlobalRanger
Québec Jean-LesageQuébec CYQB Active 06/242,743 m11/291,737 m
  • Service aérien gouvernemental: Canadair CL-415, Canadair CL-215T, Canadair CL-215, Bombardier Challenger 601, de Havilland Canada Dash 8
  • Coast Guard Aviation — Central: Bell 429 GlobalRanger
ReginaSaskatchewan CYQR Active 13/312,408 m08/261,890 m
  • Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency — Air Operations: Canadair CL-215T, Convair CV-580A, Dash 8-Q400AT, Rockwell Turbo Commander
  • STARS Regina: Airbus Helicopters H145
RobervalQuébec CYRJ Active 16/341,524 m
  • SAG — base d’attaque initiale Roberval: Canadair CL-415, Canadair CL-215T, Canadair CL-215
Saskatoon John G. DiefenbakerSaskatchewan CYXE Active 09/272,530 m15/331,890 m
  • Saskatchewan Air Ambulance: Beechcraft King Air B200
  • STARS Saskatoon: Airbus Helicopters H145
Sault Ste. MarieOntario CYAM Active 04/221,829 m12/301,829 m
  • Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services: Canadair CL-415, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, de Havilland Canada DHC-2T Turbo Beaver, Airbus helicopters
ShearwaterNova Scotia CYAW Active 16H/34H1,067 m
  • Coast Guard Aviation — Atlantic: Bell 429 GlobalRanger, Bell 412EPI
Slave LakeAlberta CYZH Active 10/281,695 m
  • Alberta Wildfire — air tanker group: Canadair CL-215T
St. John’sNewfoundland and Labrador CYYT Active 10/282,591 m16/342,135 m
  • Coast Guard Aviation — Newfoundland: Bell 429 GlobalRanger, Bell 412EPI
Toronto PearsonOntario CYYZ Active 05/233,389 masphalt and concrete15L/33R3,368 m06L/24R2,956 m —
Vancouver InternationalBritish Columbia CYVR Active 08R/26L3,505 m08L/26R3,030 mconcrete13/312,225 mconcrete
  • National Aerial Surveillance Program — West: de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100
VictoriaBritish Columbia CYYJ Active 09/272,134 m03/211,532 m14/321,524 m
  • Coast Guard Aviation — Pacific: Bell 429 GlobalRanger, Bell 412EPI
WhitehorseYukon CYXY Active 14R/32L2,895 m14L/32R2,011 m
  • RCMP Air Services — M Division: Pilatus PC-12 NG, Airbus Helicopters H125
WinnipegManitoba CYWG Active 18/363,353 m13/312,695 m
  • RCMP Air Services — D Division: Pilatus PC-12 NG
  • STARS Winnipeg: Airbus Helicopters H145
YellowknifeNorthwest Territories CYZF Active 16/342,286 m10/281,524 m
  • RCMP Air Services — G Division: Pilatus PC-12 NG, Airbus Helicopters H125
  • GNWT Air Tanker Group 2: Air Tractor AT-802A Fire Boss, Beechcraft King Air 100

No air base matches that search.


Order of battle

Who is stationed where in the Canadian State Air Services

Flying units by site, with the government each belongs to. The RCMP calls them air sections, Québec calls its organisation the Service aérien gouvernemental, Ontario calls its Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency Services, and the Coast Guard now employs the people who fly its helicopters for the first time.

Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier · CYOWCanadian Coast Guard Aviation Services and the National Research Council
Aircraft Services DirectorateFederal flight department · active
Cessna Citation 550, Beechcraft King Air C90A, Bell 407, Bell 206B, Dash 7 IR
National Aerial Surveillance ProgramMaritime surveillance unit · active
de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100
NRC Flight Research LaboratoryResearch flying unit · active
Convair CV-580, Dassault Falcon 20, Bombardier Global 6500, Bell 412 ASRA, Bell 205A-1, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, Harvard Mk IV, Canadair CT-133 Silver Star, Cessna 337 HEAT
Moncton · CYQMNational Aerial Surveillance Program
National Aerial Surveillance Program — EastMaritime surveillance detachment · active
de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100
Vancouver International · CYVRNational Aerial Surveillance Program
National Aerial Surveillance Program — WestMaritime surveillance detachment · active
de Havilland Canada DHC-8-100
Shearwater · CYAWCanadian Coast Guard Aviation Services
Coast Guard Aviation — AtlanticHelicopter detachment · active
Bell 429 GlobalRanger, Bell 412EPI
St. John’s · CYYTCanadian Coast Guard Aviation Services
Coast Guard Aviation — NewfoundlandHelicopter detachment · active
Bell 429 GlobalRanger, Bell 412EPI
Québec Jean-Lesage · CYQBService aérien gouvernemental
Service aérien gouvernementalProvincial air service · active
Canadair CL-415, Canadair CL-215T, Canadair CL-215, Bombardier Challenger 601, de Havilland Canada Dash 8
Coast Guard Aviation — CentralHelicopter detachment · active
Bell 429 GlobalRanger
Victoria · CYYJCanadian Coast Guard Aviation Services
Coast Guard Aviation — PacificHelicopter detachment · active
Bell 429 GlobalRanger, Bell 412EPI
Prince Rupert — Seal Cove · CBY5Canadian Coast Guard Aviation Services
Coast Guard Aviation — Seal CoveHelicopter detachment · active
Bell 429 GlobalRanger
Charlottetown · CYYGCanadian Coast Guard Aviation Services
Coast Guard Aviation — Prince Edward IslandHelicopter detachment · active
Bell 429 GlobalRanger
Iqaluit · CYFBRCMP Air Services
RCMP Air Services — V DivisionPolice air section · active
Pilatus PC-12 NG
Yellowknife · CYZFRCMP Air Services and GNWT Forest Management
RCMP Air Services — G DivisionPolice air section · active
Pilatus PC-12 NG, Airbus Helicopters H125
GNWT Air Tanker Group 2Territorial air tanker group · active
Air Tractor AT-802A Fire Boss, Beechcraft King Air 100
Whitehorse · CYXYRCMP Air Services
RCMP Air Services — M DivisionPolice air section · active
Pilatus PC-12 NG, Airbus Helicopters H125
Winnipeg · CYWGRCMP Air Services and STARS
RCMP Air Services — D DivisionPolice air section · active
Pilatus PC-12 NG
STARS WinnipegAir ambulance base · active
Airbus Helicopters H145
Regina · CYQRSaskatchewan Public Safety Agency
Saskatchewan Public Safety Agency — Air OperationsProvincial air service · active
Canadair CL-215T, Convair CV-580A, Dash 8-Q400AT, Rockwell Turbo Commander
STARS ReginaAir ambulance base · active
Airbus Helicopters H145
Prince Albert Glass Field · CYPASaskatchewan Public Safety Agency
SPSA Air Operations — Prince AlbertAir tanker base · active
Canadair CL-215T, Convair CV-580A, Rockwell Turbo Commander
Saskatoon John G. Diefenbaker · CYXESaskatchewan Health Authority
Saskatchewan Air AmbulanceAir ambulance service · active
Beechcraft King Air B200
STARS SaskatoonAir ambulance base · active
Airbus Helicopters H145
Slave Lake · CYZHAlberta Forestry and Parks
Alberta Wildfire — air tanker groupAir tanker base · active
Canadair CL-215T
Sault Ste. Marie · CYAMOntario Ministry of Natural Resources
Aviation, Forest Fire and Emergency ServicesProvincial air service · active
Canadair CL-415, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, de Havilland Canada DHC-2T Turbo Beaver, Airbus helicopters
Dryden · CYHDOntario Ministry of Natural Resources
AFFES DrydenWater bomber base · active
Canadair CL-415
Barrie-Lake Simcoe Regional · CYLSOntario Provincial Police
OPP Aviation ServicesPolice air unit · active
Airbus Helicopters EC135, Pilatus PC-12, Cessna 206
Ornge fixed-wing baseAir ambulance base · active
Pilatus PC-24
Montréal Saint-Hubert · CYHUService aérien gouvernemental
Sûreté du Québec — aerial operationsPolice air unit · active
Airbus Helicopters H145, Bell 412EP, Bell 206B
Roberval · CYRJService aérien gouvernemental
SAG — base d’attaque initiale RobervalWater bomber base · active
Canadair CL-415, Canadair CL-215T, Canadair CL-215
Gander · CYQXNL Department of Transportation and Infrastructure
NL Air ServicesProvincial water bomber fleet · active
Canadair CL-415
Fredericton · CYFCForest Protection Limited
Forest Protection LimitedAerial firefighting company · active
Air Tractor AT-802F, Cessna 208 Caravan
Debert · CCQ3Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources
Nova Scotia air tanker baseContracted air tanker base · active
Air Tractor AT-802F, Cessna 208 Caravan
Billy Bishop Toronto City · CYTZActive
OrngeAir ambulance service · active
Leonardo AW139, Pilatus PC-12 NG

No unit matches that search.


Timeline

Canadian State Air Services milestones, 1914 to today

1924

Ontario raises the Provincial Air Service with thirteen Curtiss HS-2L flying boats at Sault Ste. Marie to spot forest fires. It is among the first government air services anywhere with a purely civil mission, and it is still flying.

1936

The Transport Act creates the first federal Department of Transport and with it the aircraft service that becomes the Aircraft Services Directorate.

1937

1 April: RCMP Air Services is established. Four de Havilland DH.90 Dragonflies, CF-MPA to CF-MPD, arrive in May and fly the first patrol from Moncton on 22 May.

1940

The RCMP’s aircraft and aircrew are absorbed into the Royal Canadian Air Force for the duration of the war.

1946

Saskatchewan begins flying patients: the oldest formally organised non-military air medical transport programme in North America, and still a government service today.

1947

15 August: Saskatchewan Government Airways is created by order in council as a Crown corporation, flying passengers and freight into the north and pioneering Canadian smokejumping.

1960

Québec establishes the Service aérien gouvernemental, which will become the only Canadian organisation running firefighting, air ambulance and police flying together.

1962

The Canadian Coast Guard is formed and begins flying helicopters. Canadair designates the CL-204, the study that becomes the water bomber, after Québec forestry officials ask for something better than a converted Canso.

1965

Saskatchewan Government Airways is sold to private investors and becomes Norcanair. The state flying stays behind and becomes the air tanker service.

1966

1 February: the CL-215 programme is authorised at Cartierville.

1967

23 October: the CL-215 makes its first flight.

1969

June: the first production CL-215 is delivered to the French Sécurité civile under a contract for ten. Québec orders fifteen.

1971

The RCMP buys its first helicopter, a Bell 212. Ontario’s air service reaches 44 aircraft, mostly de Havilland Canada Beavers and Otters.

1989

8 June: the first turbine CL-215T conversion flies, with Pratt & Whitney Canada PW123AF engines in place of the Wright radials.

1990

CL-215 production ends after 125 aircraft.

1991

Transport Canada begins the National Aerial Surveillance Program.

1993

6 December: the CL-415 makes its first flight. Deliveries begin in November 1994 and final assembly moves to North Bay, Ontario, in 1998.

2005

An Edmonton Journal investigation into the Alberta government air fleet finds aircraft flying empty between Edmonton and Calgary. The scandal will outlast two premiers.

2011

15 May: a wind-driven wildfire destroys about a third of Slave Lake, Alberta. The Ontario Provincial Police buy two EC135.

2012

The Ontario auditor general reports on Ornge, describing a web of corporate entities and a chief executive paid 9.3 million dollars over six years.

2013

31 May: an Ornge Sikorsky S-76 crashes at night after taking off from Moosonee, killing two pilots and two paramedics. 9 September: a Coast Guard Bo 105 is lost in M’Clure Strait with three aboard.

2014

The Coast Guard helicopter renewal programme is launched, worth more than 338 million dollars. Alberta puts its executive air fleet up for sale.

2015

October: CL-415 production ends after 95 aircraft. Newfoundland and Labrador completes its move to the CL-415. Alberta sells three King Airs for 6.1 million dollars.

2016

3 October: Viking Air acquires the CL-415 type certificate and with it the future of the amphibious water bomber.

2018

29 November: Manitoba contracts Air Spray and Babcock to operate its seven provincially owned Canadairs and three bird dogs for ten years, keeping ownership of every aircraft.

2021

7 May: the Sûreté du Québec’s H145 arrives at Saint-Hubert. 15 September: the last of sixteen Bell 429 is delivered, completing the Coast Guard’s seven-year renewal.

2022

March: Viking, by then De Havilland Canada, renames the modernised water bomber the DHC-515 Firefighter. Twenty-two are contracted for six European Union countries.

2023

Québec’s water bombers make about 22,000 drops in the province’s worst recorded fire season. Nova Scotia, with no aerial firefighting aircraft of its own, burns at Tantallon and Barrington Lake and decides on 15 December to buy four helicopters.

2025

17 January: three chartered Black Hawks begin border patrols for the RCMP. 16 June: Manitoba becomes the first Canadian DHC-515 customer. 2 September: an order in council moves the Canadian Coast Guard into National Defence.

2026

10 March: the first DHC-515 goes together at Calgary. 1 April: Transport Canada’s Aircraft Services Directorate transfers to the Coast Guard. 15 May: ground is broken on De Havilland Field. 25 June: three die in a Northwest Territories bird dog crash near Fort Simpson. July: two of Ontario’s nine CL-415 are grounded during a 200-fire week.



Questions & Answers

Everything people ask about the Canadian State Air Services

Is Canadian state aviation an air force?
No. This page covers the flying the Canadian state does outside the Canadian Armed Forces: the RCMP’s Air Services Branch, the federal flight department that moved from Transport Canada to the Canadian Coast Guard on 1 April 2026, the Coast Guard’s 23 helicopters, Transport Canada’s National Aerial Surveillance Program, the National Research Council’s flying laboratory, and the air services of nine provinces and the Northwest Territories. None of these aircraft is armed and none carries a military marking. The Royal Canadian Air Force is covered on its own page.
Which provinces own their own water bombers?
Six. Ontario owns nine CL-415; Québec owns eight CL-415, two CL-215T and four piston CL-215; Saskatchewan owns six CL-215T plus three Convair 580A and a Dash 8-Q400AT; Manitoba owns four CL-415 and three CL-215; Newfoundland and Labrador owns five CL-415; and Alberta owns four CL-215T. The Northwest Territories fields ten air tankers and four bird dogs. British Columbia, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Yukon and Nunavut own none.
Does British Columbia own any water bombers?
No, and this surprises people because British Columbia runs the largest aerial firefighting operation in Canada. Around forty aircraft fly for the BC Wildfire Service at the height of a season — Dash 8-Q400 and Avro RJ85 and Lockheed Electra tankers, Air Tractor Fire Boss skimmers, Turbo Commander bird dogs, jumpships and a large helicopter fleet — and every one of them is contracted, mostly through BC Bid in early spring. The province buys flying hours rather than aeroplanes.
Are Conair and Coulson government air services?
No. Conair Group of Abbotsford and Coulson Aviation of Port Alberni are private British Columbia companies. They fly under contract for provincial wildfire agencies, for the federal surge capacity programme and overseas, and Conair converts Dash 8-Q400s into tankers for others including Saskatchewan. Their aircraft are not state aircraft and are not counted as such here. The same goes for Air Spray of Red Deer, which operates Manitoba’s provincially owned Canadairs under a ten-year contract without owning them.
Who owns the Canadian Coast Guard’s helicopters, and who flies them?
The Coast Guard owns all 23 — sixteen Bell 429 and seven Bell 412EPI, built at Mirabel in Québec and delivered between 2015 and 15 September 2021. Until 1 April 2026 they were flown and maintained by Transport Canada’s Aircraft Services Directorate, which supplied the pilots and the aircraft maintenance engineers, which is why they turn up in so many accounts as Transport Canada aircraft. On that date the whole directorate was transferred into the Coast Guard, so owner and operator are the same organisation for the first time. Since 2 September 2025 the Coast Guard itself has been part of National Defence rather than Fisheries and Oceans.
Does the Canada Border Services Agency have aircraft?
No. The CBSA operates no aircraft of any kind. Canadian border air work is done by the RCMP, which chartered three Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawks from two Ontario operators in 2025 and stood up an Aerial Intelligence Task Force of helicopters, drones and mobile surveillance towers. The force procured 60 drones for border enforcement and the Canadian Armed Forces lent more than 40 more. The Canada Revenue Agency and the customs side of CBSA fly nothing at all.
How many aircraft does the RCMP have?
Thirty-one on the force’s own September 2024 figures: 22 fixed-wing and 9 rotary-wing at nineteen air sections in every province and territory, with 180 staff. The fleet is built around the Pilatus PC-12, with Cessna 206s and Caravans, a Twin Otter, a Kodiak 100, and Airbus H125, H120 and H145 helicopters. An industry profile in July 2023 counted 34 and gave a type breakdown whose sub-totals do not add up to its own total, which is why the force’s figure is used here. Add more than 200 drones and three chartered Black Hawks.
Who flies the Sûreté du Québec’s helicopters?
The Québec government air service, not the police force. The Service aérien gouvernemental owns and operates all three — an Airbus H145 delivered on 7 May 2021, a Bell 412EP of 2002 and a Bell 206B of 1980 — from Saint-Hubert, and provides the pilots and the engineering. The Sûreté supplies the police work. It is the only arrangement of its kind in Canada; the Ontario Provincial Police, the other force with its own air unit, owns its aircraft outright.
Was the water bomber invented in Canada?
The purpose-built amphibious water bomber was. Ontario fitted tanks to de Havilland Canada Beavers and Otters in the 1940s and 1950s and then used converted Canso amphibians, and it was Québec’s forestry service, unhappy with those conversions, that pushed Canadair to design something from scratch. The CL-215 programme was authorised on 1 February 1966 and the prototype flew from Cartierville on 23 October 1967. No other country has ever built a purpose-designed amphibious water bomber in series.
What is the DHC-515 Firefighter, and when will Canada get any?
It is the modernised CL-415, renamed in March 2022 by De Havilland Canada, which acquired the type certificate through Viking Air on 3 October 2016. Twenty-two are in production at Calgary for Croatia, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. The Canadian orders sit behind them: three for Manitoba at 80 million dollars, six for Ontario at more than 500 million, and five for Alberta at 400 million. None of them is expected before about 2031, which means Canada will be the last significant customer to receive an aircraft it designed and builds.
How many water bombers does Canada have altogether?
About 45 scooping water bombers are owned by provincial governments, and adding Saskatchewan’s land-based tankers takes the provincially owned tanker fleet to roughly 49. On top of that sit the Northwest Territories’ ten tankers and four bird dogs, and a much larger contracted fleet — around forty aircraft in British Columbia alone at the height of a season, plus Alberta’s hired groups and the federal surge fleet of ten aircraft leased for 2026. Totals published elsewhere vary because they mix owned with hired and scoopers with retardant tankers.
Does Canada have a coastguard air arm like the United States?
Not in the American sense. The United States Coast Guard is an armed service with its own fixed-wing search and rescue fleet. The Canadian Coast Guard is a civilian organisation whose aircraft are 23 civil-registered helicopters used mainly for aids to navigation, ice reconnaissance and environmental response. Fixed-wing maritime search and rescue is a Royal Canadian Air Force job, flown by CC-130 Hercules and CC-295 Kingfishers, with CH-149 Cormorant helicopters for the rescue itself, and pollution patrol belongs to Transport Canada’s three Dash 8s.
Is Ornge a government air ambulance service?
Not exactly, and the distinction matters. Ornge is a not-for-profit corporation and registered charity funded by the Ontario Ministry of Health, and it owns and operates its twelve Leonardo AW139 and eight Pilatus PC-12 NG itself across fourteen bases, about 20,000 patient transports a year. It is neither a government air service nor a contractor. STARS in the prairie provinces is further from government again: a donor-funded charity flying ten Airbus H145 from six bases. Saskatchewan Air Ambulance, by contrast, is a government programme outright.
Who flies the Canadian prime minister?
The Royal Canadian Air Force. 412 Transport Squadron flies CC-144 Challengers from Ottawa for the prime minister, the governor general and senior officials, and larger parties travel on the CC-330 Husky. No federal civil agency operates an executive aircraft. Ontario bought a Challenger 650 registered C-FBBW in April 2026, 43 years after selling the Challenger 600 it bought in 1982, and announced on 20 April 2026 — days later — that it would sell that one too.
Does Environment and Climate Change Canada fly its own aircraft?
No. Atmospheric research flying is done for it by the National Research Council’s Flight Research Laboratory at Ottawa, whose Convair 580 is the standard Canadian airborne atmospheric laboratory, and by contracted aircraft. The department is a partner in Transport Canada’s National Aerial Surveillance Program rather than an operator in it. Ice reconnaissance for the Canadian Ice Service is flown by a converted Dash 7 that belonged to the Transport Canada flight department.
Who commands Canadian state aviation?
Nobody, and that is constitutional rather than accidental. Forest fire protection is a provincial responsibility, policing is shared between the RCMP and the provinces, and health is provincial. The RCMP commissioner cannot task an Ontario CL-415; no premier can call on Transport Canada’s Dash 8s. The nearest thing to a common institution is the Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre in Winnipeg, a non-profit owned by the federal, provincial and territorial agencies, which brokers aircraft between jurisdictions and commands none of them.
Have there been fatal accidents in Canadian state aviation?
Yes, and they belong on the record. On 31 May 2013 an Ornge Sikorsky S-76 crashed at night after taking off from Moosonee, killing two pilots and two paramedics; the Transportation Safety Board chair, Kathy Fox, said of Ornge that "its willingness to operate safely and within regulatory requirements exceeded its capacity to do so". On 9 September 2013 a Canadian Coast Guard Bo 105 was lost in M’Clure Strait with three aboard. On 25 June 2026 a Northwest Territories bird dog crashed about 50 kilometres west of Fort Simpson and three people were killed; the cause has not been published.
Why do Canadian state aircraft have civil registrations?
Because they are civil aircraft. Everything on this page flies on a Canadian civil registration in the C-F and C-G blocks under the Canadian Aviation Regulations, not on a military serial, and most operate under commercial air operator certificates. That is why a Coast Guard Bell 429, an RCMP Pilatus and an Ontario CL-415 all appear in the same register as bush operators and flying clubs, and part of why published fleet totals for them vary so widely from source to source.



Sources & Further Reading

Every fact, checked

Figures verified 2026-09-21. Order of Battle pages are regenerated from a single dataset; if a number here disagrees with a Book of Beasts page, this page is the more recent of the two.

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