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Королевские военно-воздушные и космические силы Нидерландов

Боевой порядок · Netherlands

Королевские военно-воздушные и космические силы Нидерландов

Koninklijke Luchtmacht · Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten

The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force began with four pilots and one aircraft at Soesterberg in 1913, was all but destroyed in five days in May 1940, fought two colonial wars it could not win, scored its first air-to-air kill since 1940 over Serbia in 1999, and in 2026 is an all-F-35 fighter force that renamed itself for space and gave its F-16s to Ukraine and Romania.

Национальная маркировкаThe roundel: an orange centre inside rings of blue, white and red, red outermost
Низкая видимостьТе же самые звуки звучат приглушенными тонами.
52Боевой самолет
7Действующие авиабазы
1913Основан
23Типы, выведенные из эксплуатации
Фото: Defensie/Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0)
СтранаНидерландыОснован1913СтатусАктивныйШтаб-квартираBredaКомандирAndré Steur
История

The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force story: four pilots, five days in May 1940 and a new name for space

1913–1939: four pilots, one Brik and a neutral country

Dutch military aviation began on 1 July 1913, when the army’s Luchtvaartafdeeling was set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and a single aircraft, the Brik; three French Farman HF.20s followed within months. The Netherlands stayed neutral through the First World War, and the small arm spent those years training pilots and opening airfields rather than fighting, at Arnhem, Gilze-Rijen, Venlo and Vlissingen among others. The interwar years were lean. Budgets were cut, and rearmament came late: the defence ministry dates a renaming to the Wapen der Militaire Luchtvaart to 1938, and in July 1939 the flying units became the Luchtvaartbrigade. On mobilisation in August 1939 the order of battle was largely home-built — 36 Fokker D.XXI fighters, 35 twin-boom Fokker G.I heavy fighters, 16 Fokker T.V bombers, Fokker C.V and C.X biplanes and Koolhoven FK.51s — with 17 American Douglas DB-8A attack aircraft. Some of these were good aeroplanes. There were simply too few of them, and too few trained crews to fly them.

May 1940: five days

When Germany invaded on 10 May 1940 the Dutch had about 155 aircraft, 125 of them serviceable and 74 of them biplanes. Surprise raids on the airfields wrecked much of the force on the first morning, and by that evening about 70 aircraft remained; of 28 serviceable D.XXIs, only eight were still airworthy when the fighting ended. The Dutch hit back hardest where the Germans were most exposed, at the airborne landings around The Hague and Rotterdam. The defence ministry credits the Dutch with destroying more than 220 German transport aircraft, and German Ju 52 losses across the whole campaign are put at 224 of the 430 committed — to fighters, anti-aircraft fire and crash-landings on fields and beaches alike. Claims for Dutch fighter pilots differ between sources. After Rotterdam was bombed on 14 May the main Dutch forces surrendered; more than 2,300 Dutch servicemen died in the May days. It was brave and brief, and it proved that courage cannot make up for a decade of neglect.

1940–1962: exile, the Indies and two colonial wars

Dutch airmen fought on under British command. Nos. 320 and 321 Squadrons were formed on 1 June 1940 by naval airmen who had escaped with their Fokker T.VIII seaplanes — naval units, strictly, and later the navy’s — and 322 Squadron, formed with Spitfires at Woodvale on 12 June 1943, is the air force’s own link to the RAF: it was credited with 108.5 V-1 flying bombs in 1944 and still flies today. In the East Indies the army’s air arm, the ML-KNIL, was overwhelmed by Japan in 1942; survivors re-formed in Australia with B-25 Mitchells and Kittyhawks. After 1945 those squadrons were turned against Indonesian nationalists, flying 40 P-51D Mustangs in the “police actions” of 1947 and 1948–49 — a war the Netherlands lost, and whose conduct is still debated. The ML-KNIL was dissolved in 1950. In 1960 twelve Hunters were shipped to Biak to defend Netherlands New Guinea; after the New York Agreement of 15 August 1962 they came home, and the territory went to Indonesia.

1953–1991: an independent service in NATO’s front line

The air force became an independent service in March 1953, with the royal prefix Koninklijke; sources differ on whether the day was the 11th or the 27th. American aid and Dutch licence production then built a large NATO force: Meteors from 1948, F-84G Thunderjets and F-84F Thunderstreaks, Hunters until 1968, 63 F-86K all-weather Sabres, F-104G Starfighters from 1962 to 1984 and 105 NF-5s from 1969 to 1991. The Starfighter purchase left a stain: in August 1976 Prince Bernhard, the Queen’s husband, was forced out as Inspector-General of the armed forces after being accused of taking about 1.1 million dollars from Lockheed. The F-16 replaced them all. The Netherlands ordered 213, built partly by Fokker, and took the first in June 1979. From the 1960s Volkel also carried NATO’s nuclear-sharing role, which Dutch governments have neither confirmed nor denied; the veil slipped in 2013 when former prime minister Ruud Lubbers spoke of 22 bombs there.

1993–2016: Srebrenica, the MiG-29 and Hawija

After the Cold War the F-16s went to war repeatedly. Over Bosnia from April 1993 they enforced the no-fly zone, and on 11 July 1995 two Dutch F-16s made the only attack NATO flew to save Srebrenica, bombing Serb armour outside the town before the strikes were called off under threats to Dutch hostages — the town fell and thousands were murdered, and the Kok cabinet resigned in April 2002 over the failure. On 24 March 1999, the first night over Yugoslavia, Maj. Peter Tankink shot down a Serbian MiG-29 with an AMRAAM, the first Dutch air-to-air kill since 1940; Dutch aircraft flew 1,194 sorties in the campaign. Afghanistan followed from 2002 to 2014, with more than 10,000 F-16 missions and one pilot, Capt. Michael Donkervoort, killed in 2006. Libya in 2011 was a no-fly-zone-only mission. Over Iraq and Syria the F-16s flew about 2,100 missions, and one of them, the strike on Hawija on 3 June 2015, killed at least 70 civilians — a fact Parliament was not told until 2019.

2013–2026: the F-35, the F-16’s afterlife and a new name

The F-35 was the most argued-over purchase in Dutch defence history. The Netherlands joined the programme in 2002 and once planned 85 aircraft; in September 2013 the government settled on 37 inside a 4.5 billion euro cap, and later decisions lifted the order to 52 in 2022 and 57 by 2025. The Algemene Rekenkamer followed the project for more than twenty years and summed up the Dutch position as a choice to board the bus or let it pass. The first operational F-35A landed at Leeuwarden on 31 October 2019, full operational capability followed on 26 September 2024, and the F-16 was retired the next day after 45 years. Twenty-four went to Ukraine and 18 to the F-16 training centre in Romania, which took ownership for one euro in November 2025. Dutch F-35s shot down Russian drones over Poland in September 2025. On 1 July 2025 the command was renamed Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten — the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force — to make space a full military domain.

When Germany invaded on 10 May 1940 the Dutch had about 155 aircraft, 125 of them serviceable and 74 of them biplanes.Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force · verified 2026-09-28
Вкратце

The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force in numbers

Услуга

Название на родном языке
Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten (CLRS)The name of the command since 1 July 2025. The historic name Koninklijke Luchtmacht is kept: the ministry says the Commander of the Air and Space Force leads the Koninklijke Luchtmacht. Before the rename the command was the Commando Luchtstrijdkrachten (CLSK)
English name
Королевские военно-воздушные и космические силы НидерландовUsed by the ministry’s English site since the 2025 rename; Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) remains the common former name
Основан
1 July 1913The army’s Luchtvaartafdeeling was set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and one aircraft. The air force became an independent service with the prefix Koninklijke in March 1953; sources give either 11 or 27 March
Часть
Netherlands Armed ForcesThe commander reports to the Chief of Defence (Commandant der Strijdkrachten). The Defence Helicopter Command, once a joint command, is part of the air and space force
Штаб-квартира
BredaDirectorates for operations, materiel logistics and maintenance, and personnel and business operations; four functional commands: Air Combat, Air Mobility, Defence Helicopter and Air Support
Командир
Lt. Gen. André SteurCommander of the Air and Space Force since 14 April 2023
Министр обороны
Dilan Yeşilgöz-ZegeriusAlso first Deputy Prime Minister in the Jetten cabinet; State Secretary Derk Boswijk

Сила

Персонал
About 9,500 (2025)7,051 military, 1,349 civilian and 1,067 reservists, a total of 9,467, as given by Wikipedia from the ministry’s personnel page, which could not be retrieved for this dataset. In 2020 the figure was 8,291
Боевой самолет

40 had been delivered by the end of 2024 and eight more were due in 2025; the rest arrive by 2028. The F-16 left service on 27 September 2024

Вертолеты
  • AH-64E Apache — 28
  • CH-47F Chinook — 20
  • NH90 NFH — 19
  • AS532U2 Cougar — 12 to 17

All in the Defence Helicopter Command. Cougar counts differ between sources; 12 H225M Caracals are to replace them from 2030

Транспортные и танкерные перевозки
  • A330 MRTT — 10 in the multinational pool at Eindhoven, 2 more ordered
  • C-130H and C-130H-30 Hercules — 4
  • Gulfstream — 1 government and command transport

The MRTTs are owned by NATO and flown by a Multinational MRTT Unit for six partner nations; the Hercules are to be replaced by the C-390 from late 2027

Беспилотные летательные аппараты
MQ-9A Reaper Block 5 — 8One system of eight aircraft and four ground stations, flown by 306 Squadron at Leeuwarden; weapons fully usable by 2028
Тренеры
Pilatus PC-7 — 13131 Squadron at Woensdrecht; eight PC-7 MKX from May 2027. F-35 conversion training is done at Luke AFB, Arizona
оборонные расходы
NATO target of 3.5 per cent of GDP for core defence by 2035Agreed with all allies at the Hague summit on 25 June 2025, plus up to 1.5 per cent for resilience and related spending. A separate air force budget figure was not confirmed
Космос
First operational radar satellite in orbitThe ministry marked the rename by pointing to the first Dutch operational radar reconnaissance satellite; Wikipedia lists one ICEYE SAR satellite with three more on order

Инфраструктура

Авиабазы
  • Leeuwarden — F-35 (322, 323 Sqn), MQ-9 (306 Sqn)
  • Volkel — F-35 (312, 313 Sqn)
  • Eindhoven — C-130, Gulfstream, MRTT, EATC
  • Gilze-Rijen — Apache, Chinook, Cougar
  • Woensdrecht — PC-7, air depot
  • De Kooy — NH90
  • Deelen — helicopter training field, no based unit
Сегодня способен летать на реактивных самолетах
2 fighter basesLeeuwarden and Volkel; Eindhoven handles the heavy transports and tankers
Closed or civil
  • Soesterberg — birthplace of the service in 1913, now home to the Nationaal Militair Museum
  • Twenthe — where 322 Squadron re-formed in 1946 and the NF-5 entered service
  • De Peel — airfield closed, guided-weapons group remains
Squadrons abroad
  • F-35 training detachment — Luke AFB, Arizona
  • 302 Squadron — Fort Hood, Texas, Apache and Chinook training
Оперативное реагирование
Shared with Belgium since 1 January 2017The two countries take turns guarding Benelux airspace
Nuclear sharing
ВолкельOfficially neither confirmed nor denied; former prime ministers spoke of about 22 B61 bombs in 2013 and a NATO parliamentary draft named Volkel in 2019
Структура

How the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force is organised

One headquarters at Breda over four functional commands. Air Combat Command holds the F-35 bases at Leeuwarden and Volkel, Air Mobility Command the transport hub at Eindhoven, Air Support Command the training and depot base at Woensdrecht, and the Defence Helicopter Command every Dutch military helicopter. The commander reports to the Chief of Defence.

AS

Lieutenant General (luitenant-generaal)André SteurCommander of the Air and Space Force (Commandant Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten) · in office since 2023
Королевские военно-воздушные и космические силы НидерландовCommando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten
Штаб-квартира

Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten

CLRS
Breda

The air force headquarters at Breda, with directorates for operations, materiel logistics and maintenance, and personnel and business operations. The Commander of the Air and Space Force reports to the Chief of Defence; the command took its present name on 1 July 2025.

Передовая линия

Командование воздушного боя

Leeuwarden and Volkel

The two fighter bases: Leeuwarden, with 322 and 323 Squadrons on the F-35A and 306 Squadron on the MQ-9A Reaper, and Volkel, with 312 and 313 Squadrons on the F-35A. The two share the Benelux quick reaction alert with Belgium.

Транспорт

Командование воздушной мобильности

Эйндховен

The transport hub at Eindhoven: 336 Squadron with the C-130 Hercules and 334 Squadron with the government Gulfstream. The base also hosts the multinational A330 MRTT unit and the European Air Transport Command.

Вертолеты

Defence Helicopter Command

Defensie Helikopter Commando
Гилзе-Рийен

Every Dutch military helicopter: the Chinook, Cougar and Apache squadrons at Gilze-Rijen, the NH90 maritime helicopters at De Kooy, the exercise field at Deelen and 302 Squadron at Fort Hood in Texas. At Gilze-Rijen since July 2008.

Training and support

Командование воздушной поддержки

Woensdrecht

The schoolhouse and workshop at Woensdrecht: 131 Squadron trains every Dutch military pilot on the PC-7, alongside the Royal Air Education and Training Center and the depot squadrons, 980 to 983, that overhaul the fleet.

В эксплуатации

What the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force flies today

Все виды, находящиеся под прицелом, имеют ссылку на соответствующую страницу в Книге Зверей, если таковая имеется. В статистике учитываются самолеты, находящиеся в резерве, а не самолеты, доступные в конкретный день.

Тип Роль В эксплуатации С Единицы Примечания
Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning IIВ эксплуатации Multirole stealth fighter 52 2019 52 in service according to Wikipedia’s inventory; the ministry’s June 2025 progress report gives 40 delivered by the end of 2024, eight due in 2025 and a total of 57 by 2028.
General Atomics MQ-9A Reaper Block 5В эксплуатации Беспилотник вооруженной разведки 8 One system of eight aircraft and four ground control stations.
Airbus A330 MRTT (Многонациональный флот MRTT)В эксплуатации Танкеры и транспорт 10 Ten in the multinational pool and two more ordered, per Wikipedia’s inventory.

Более

The aircraft are NATO-owned and shared by six nations; the Dutch share of flying hours is not a fixed number of airframes.
Lockheed C-130H и C-130H-30 HerculesВ эксплуатации Тактический транспорт 4 Two C-130H and two stretched C-130H-30, registered G-273, G-275, G-781 and G-988.
Gulfstream G650ERВ эксплуатации Транспорт для государственных и командных нужд 1 One aircraft. The ministry’s own pages have described it as both a Gulfstream IV and a Gulfstream VI; Wikipedia gives a G650ER, which is used here.
Boeing AH-64E Apache GuardianВ эксплуатации Ударный вертолет 28 28 according to Wikipedia; the ministry does not publish the fleet size.
Boeing CH-47F ChinookВ эксплуатации Тяжелый транспортный вертолет 20 20 according to Wikipedia; the ministry does not publish the fleet size.
NHIndustries NH90 NFHВ эксплуатации Морской вертолет 19 19 in service and three more ordered, per Wikipedia.
Eurocopter AS532U2 CougarВ эксплуатации Special operations transport helicopter 12 Sources differ: Wikipedia’s current inventory gives 12, while 17 is the figure usually given for the fleet as delivered; the ministry’s type page does not publish a number.

Более

UNVERIFIED which is current.
Пилатус PC-7В эксплуатации Базовый инструктор 13 13 first-generation aircraft.
Ф-35А52
AH-64E28
Ч-47Ф20
NH9019
ПК-713
AS532U212
A330 MRTT10
МКВ-9А8

По заказу

Тип Заказано Первая поставка Примечания
Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning IIПо заказу 5 The balance of the 57 aircraft in the June 2025 progress report; the remaining aircraft are to be delivered by 2028.
Embraer C-390 MillenniumПо заказу 5 2027 Bought together with Austria and Sweden to replace the C-130. First aircraft expected at the end of 2027 and the last in 2029, for 336 Squadron at Eindhoven.

Более

The quantity is Wikipedia’s; the ministry page does not state it.
Airbus H225M CaracalПо заказу 12 2030 Replaces the Cougar in 300 Special Operations Squadron at Gilze-Rijen; deliveries from 2030, the last in 2032.
Pilatus PC-7 MKXПо заказу 8 2027 Selected in October 2024 with two simulators and signed in February 2025. First aircraft in May 2027; all aircraft, simulators and training aids by September 2027.
NHIndustries NH90 NFH (additional)По заказу 3 2030 The ministry says it is buying a number of extra NH90s for 2030; Wikipedia gives three.
Airbus A330 MRTT (multinational pool)По заказу 2 Two further aircraft for the NATO-owned pool, per Wikipedia’s inventory; the Dutch share is not a fixed number of airframes.
Ранее эксплуатировалось

Every type the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force has retired

23 types, from the Brik to the Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow. Максимальные показатели — это количество самолетов, принятых на вооружение за весь срок службы, а не численность парка на какую-либо конкретную дату.

Тип Роль Пик Подано Заменено на Примечания
Boeing AH-64D Apache Longbow Ударный вертолет AH-64E Number UNVERIFIED; the whole fleet was rebuilt as AH-64E in 2025.
Истребитель General Dynamics F-16A/B Fighting Falcon (MLU) Многоцелевой истребитель 213 1979–2024 Ф-35А 213 bought in two orders, 102 then 111 (177 F-16A and 36 F-16B); 138 were upgraded to the Mid-Life Update standard by TWZ’s count (of 170 once planned), 108 by Wikipedia’s.
McDonnell Douglas KDC-10 Танкеры и транспорт A330 MRTT
Canadair NF-5A/B Freedom Fighter Light fighter-bomber and trainer 105 1969–1991 Ф-16 75 single-seat NF-5A and 30 two-seat NF-5B, delivered between 7 October 1969 and 20 March 1972.
Истребитель Lockheed F-104G Starfighter Strike, reconnaissance and interceptor 1962–1984 Ф-16 Total not confirmed from a primary source; hobbyist tallies give about 138 of all versions. UNVERIFIED.
Republic F-84F Thunderstreak и RF-84F Thunderflash Истребитель-бомбардировщик и разведывательный самолет 204 1955–1970 NF-5 180 F-84F and 24 RF-84F.
Hawker Hunter F.4, F.6 и T.7 Дневной боец 1955–1968 Ф-104Г Total UNVERIFIED; Fokker built Hunters under licence for the Dutch and Belgian air forces.
Североамериканский F-86K Sabre Всепогодный перехватчик 63 1955–1964 Ф-104Г 57 US-built and six Fiat-built aircraft.
Republic F-84E/G Thunderjet Истребитель-бомбардировщик 200 1952–1956 Ф-84Ф Wikipedia gives 21 F-84E and 179 F-84G; a hobbyist tally gives 187, so the total lies between 187 and 200 depending on how transfers are counted.
Североамериканский P-51D Mustang (ML-KNIL) Истребитель-бомбардировщик 40 40 received by the Netherlands East Indies army air arm; 26 were handed to Indonesia.
Североамериканский бомбардировщик B-25 «Митчелл» Средний бомбардировщик 1942–1950 Number UNVERIFIED.
Локхид Хадсон Морской патруль 1940–1942 Mitchell Number UNVERIFIED.
Фоккер Д.XXI Боец 36 36 on strength in August 1939; 28 serviceable on 10 May 1940, eight still airworthy at the end of the fighting.
Fokker G.I Heavy fighter 35 35 on strength in August 1939; the count in May 1940 differs between sources.
Fokker T.V Средний бомбардировщик 16 16 in August 1939.
Fokker C.V and C.X Разведывательный и лёгкий бомбардировщик 53 33 C.V and 20 C.X in August 1939.
Douglas DB-8A-3N Штурмовые самолеты 17 17 in August 1939.
Fokker T.VIII Torpedo and patrol seaplane 8 1940–1940 Anson and Hudson Eight escaped to Britain in May 1940.
Gloster Meteor F.4, T.7 и F.8 Дневной боец 1948– Охотник 38 F.4 from 1948 and 160 F.8 by Wikipedia’s count, plus T.7 trainers; the F.8s were licence-built by Fokker. Hobbyist counts of the F.4 run higher. Total UNVERIFIED.
Супермарин Спитфайр Боец 1943– Метеор Number UNVERIFIED.
Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk Боец Number UNVERIFIED.
Brik Early military aircraft 1 1913– Farman HF.20 The single aircraft of the new service in 1913.
Локхид Т-33 Учебно-тренировочный реактивный самолет NF-5B Number UNVERIFIED.
Авиабазы

Where the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force flies from

Черные контакты — это активные основания, полые контакты — это те, которые замкнуты. Allied and multinational units — the US Air Force munitions squadron at Volkel, the A330 tanker unit at Eindhoven and, until 1994, the American fighter squadron at Soesterberg — are listed with the base that hosts them and marked as allied. Записи, для которых не опубликованы данные об аэродроме, не содержат значка.

Действующая авиабаза Закрыто или резервНажмите на значок булавки, чтобы открыть основную страницу.
База ИКАО Статус Взлетная полоса Подразделения и самолеты
Военно-морская авиабаза Де КоойNorth Holland (Noord-Holland) ЕХКД Активный 03/211,275 mtarmac/concrete
  • 860 Squadron: NH90 NFH
DeelenGelderland ЭГДЛ Активный 01/191,046 mtarmac/concrete
ЭйндховенСеверный Брабант (Noord-Brabant) ЭХЕХ Активный 03/213000 мtarmac
Гилзе-РийенСеверный Брабант (Noord-Brabant) ЭГГР Активный 10/282768 мtarmac/concrete02/201,996 мtarmac/concrete
ЛеуварденФрисландия (Fryslân) ЕГЛВ Активный 05/232452 мtarmac/concrete09/272000 мtarmac/concrete
ВолкельСеверный Брабант (Noord-Brabant) ЕХВК Активный 06L/24R3024 мtarmac/concrete06R/24L3027 мtarmac/concrete
  • 312-я эскадрилья: F-35A Lightning II
  • 313-я эскадрилья: F-35A Lightning II
  • 703-я эскадрилья обеспечения боеприпасами (ВВС США)
  • 327-я эскадрилья
  • 328-я эскадрилья
  • 311-я эскадрилья
  • 306-я эскадрилья фоторазведки
WoensdrechtСеверный Брабант (Noord-Brabant) EHWO Активный 07R/25L2442 мtarmac/concrete07L/25R2,180 mtarmac
СостербергУтрехт Закрыто в 2008 году.
  • Luchtvaartafdeeling
  • 32-я истребительная эскадрилья ВВС США (лагерь Нью-Амстердам): F-86F Sabre, F-100C Super Sabre, F-102A Delta Dagger, F-4E Phantom II, F-15 Eagle
  • 334-я эскадрилья: Фоккер Ф27 Дружба
  • 298-я эскадрилья: Алуэтт III
TwentheOverijssel EHTW Закрыто в 2007 году. 05/232,406 m
Valkenburg NavalSouth Holland (Zuid-Holland) EHVB Закрыто в 2006 году.
  • Navy maritime patrol aircraft (Marine Luchtvaartdienst): Lockheed P-3C Orion
De PeelЛимбург ЭДДП Закрыто в 1993 году.
YpenburgSouth Holland (Zuid-Holland) Закрыто в 1992 году.

Ни одна авиабаза не соответствует этому поисковому запросу.

Боевой порядок

Who is stationed where in the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force

Авиационные подразделения по базам, начиная с действующих подразделений. Where official pages and secondary sources disagree on a date or an aircraft variant, the unit note says so rather than choosing. Allied and multinational units say so.

Авиабаза Леуварден · EHLWБоевое командование авиации, Влигбасис Леуварден
322-я эскадрильяИстребительная эскадрилья · действующая
F-35A Lightning II
323-я эскадрилья (Центр разработки боевых возможностей ВВС)Fighter squadron and tactics development centre · active
F-35A Lightning II
306-я эскадрильяRemotely piloted aircraft squadron · active
MQ-9A Жнец
Авиабаза Волкель · EHVKБоевое воздушное командование, Влигбасис Волкель
312-я эскадрильяИстребительная эскадрилья · действующая
F-35A Lightning II
313-я эскадрильяИстребительная эскадрилья · действующая
F-35A Lightning II
703-я эскадрилья обеспечения боеприпасами (ВВС США)Эскадрилья обеспечения боеприпасами · союзники
327-я эскадрилья1951–
328-я эскадрилья1951–
311-я эскадрилья1951–
Авиабаза Эйндховен · EHEHКомандование воздушной мобильности, Vliegbasis Эйндховен
334-я эскадрильяТранспортная эскадрилья · действующая
Gulfstream G650ER
336-я эскадрильяТактическая транспортная эскадрилья · действующая
C-130H / C-130H-30 Геркулес
Многонациональное подразделение MRTT (MMU)Многонациональная танкерно-транспортная единица · союзники
Airbus A330 MRTT
314-я эскадрилья1952–
F-84G Тандерджет, F-84F Тандерстрик
315-я эскадрилья1952–1970
F-84G Тандерджет, F-84F Тандерстрик
316-я эскадрилья1952–1994
F-84G Thunderjet, F-84F Thunderstreak, NF-5A/B, F-16A/B Fighting Falcon
Авиабаза Гилзе-Рийен · EHGRDefensie Helikopter Commando
298-я эскадрильяЭскадрилья транспортных вертолетов · действующая
Вертолёт CH-47F Chinook
300-я эскадрилья специальных операцийВертолётная эскадрилья специальных операций · действующая
AS532 U2 Cougar
301-я эскадрильяЭскадрилья ударных вертолетов · действующая
AH-64E Apache
314-я эскадрилья
NF-5A/B, F-16A/B Fighting Falcon
Woensdrecht · EHWOAir Support Command, Vliegbasis Woensdrecht
131 SquadronУчебно-тренировочная эскадрилья · действующая
Пилатус PC-7
De Kooy Naval Air Station · EHKDDefensie Helikopter Commando, Maritiem Vliegkamp De Kooy
860 SquadronMaritime helicopter squadron · active
NH90 NFH

Поисковое задание не дало результатов.

Хронология

Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force milestones, 1914 to today

1913

1 July: the army’s Luchtvaartafdeeling is set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and one aircraft, the Brik; three Farman HF.20s follow within months.

1915

The Netherlands East Indies army starts its own flying service, the ancestor of the ML-KNIL, which takes that name on 30 March 1939.

1939

July: the Luchtvaartafdeeling becomes the Luchtvaartbrigade. On mobilisation in August the service fields Fokker D.XXI and G.I fighters, T.V bombers and C.V and C.X biplanes.

1940

10–14 May: the Luftwaffe destroys most of the air arm in five days; the Dutch account for more than 220 German transport aircraft. On 1 June naval airmen form Nos. 320 and 321 Squadrons in Britain.

1942

The ML-KNIL is overwhelmed in Java; survivors form NEI squadrons in Australia, No. 18 with B-25 Mitchells from April 1942 and No. 120 with Kittyhawks.

1943

12 June: 322 (Dutch) Squadron forms at RAF Woodvale with Spitfires.

1944

8 July: Flying Officer Rudy Burgwal of 322 Squadron claims five V-1s in one 90-minute flight; the squadron’s total reaches 108.5.

1946

27 September: 322 Squadron is re-formed as a Dutch unit at Twente.

1947

The ML-KNIL’s P-51 Mustangs, Mitchells and Kittyhawks fly in the first “police action”, Operation Product; the second, Operation Kraai, follows in 1948–49.

1950

The ML-KNIL is dissolved after the transfer of sovereignty to Indonesia; 26 Mustangs pass to the Indonesian air force.

1953

March: the air force becomes an independent service, the Koninklijke Luchtmacht; the exact day is given as 11 or 27 March.

1960

21 October: 322 Squadron flies the first Hunter sortie at Biak, Netherlands New Guinea.

1962

15 August: the New York Agreement ends the New Guinea dispute; the Hunters are withdrawn in October. The F-104G Starfighter enters service.

1969

7 October: the first Canadair-built NF-5 is delivered.

1976

26 August: Prince Bernhard resigns as Inspector-General of the armed forces over the Lockheed bribery affair.

1979

June: the first F-16 is delivered; 213 are eventually bought.

1995

11 July: two Dutch F-16s bomb Serb armour at Srebrenica before NATO calls off the strikes under threats to Dutch hostages.

1999

24 March: Maj. Peter Tankink shoots down a Serbian MiG-29 with an AMRAAM on the first night of Operation Allied Force.

2002

F-16s and a KDC-10 deploy to Manas, Kyrgyzstan, for Afghanistan; the mission lasts until 2014.

2013

17 September: the government commits to 37 F-35As inside a 4.5 billion euro cap.

2015

3 June: a Dutch F-16 strike on an Islamic State bomb factory in Hawija, Iraq, kills at least 70 civilians; Parliament is told in 2019.

2019

31 October: the first operational Dutch F-35A lands at Leeuwarden.

2024

26 September: the F-35 reaches full operational capability; 27 September: the F-16 is retired after 45 years.

2025

1 July: the command is renamed Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten, the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force. In September Dutch F-35s shoot down Russian drones over Poland; on 3 November 18 former Dutch F-16s pass to Romania for one euro.

Боевой послужной список

Все войны, в которых участвовали Королевские военно-воздушные и космические силы Нидерландов

Вылеты и поражения там, где это указано в протоколе, и полная пустота там, где этого нет.

11конфликты
1940Первый
0Самолет потерян
0Убит
  • Немецкое вторжение в Нидерланды 1940 The Luchtvaartbrigade fought the Luftwaffe’s invasion with about 125 serviceable aircraft, attacking the German airborne landings and their transport fleet
  • Оборона Нидерландской Ост-Индии 1941–1942 The army air arm of the Netherlands East Indies (ML-KNIL) fought the Japanese invasion with bombers and fighters alongside Allied air units, then evacuated what it could to Australia
  • Голландские эскадрильи в составе Королевских ВВС 1940–1945 Dutch airmen who escaped in 1940 flew in their own squadrons within the RAF: two naval squadrons in Coastal Command and later the 2nd Tactical Air Force, and a Dutch Spitfire squadron from 1943
  • Индонезийская война за независимость 1945–1949 The ML-KNIL and air force transports supported Dutch attempts to restore colonial rule against the Indonesian Republic, flying ground attack, reconnaissance and transport, and supporting airborne raids
  • Оборона голландской Новой Гвинеи 1958–1962 An air force detachment provided the air defence of Biak from 1958; from 1960 322 Squadron’s Hunters formed the fighter element of a New Guinea air defence command

Откройте полную боевую историю.

Отображаемые команды

The Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force display teams

У каждой команды есть своя страница: история, самолеты, экспозиция, аварии и источники информации.

Helicopter display team · 1973–1995КузнечикиThe Dutch air force’s four-ship Alouette III team from Deelen, admired across Europe, which ended with the type’s run-down in 1995 after flying…Read the Grasshoppers pageSolo display · 1979–2018Пилотажная группа RNLAF F-16 Solo Display TeamВыступление голландских пилотов F-16, демонстрировавшихся на европейских авиашоу более трех десятилетий, проходило поочередно с участием различных эскадрилий и завершилось демонстрацией оранжевого самолета “Оранжевый лев”.Прочитайте страницу пилотажной группы RNLAF F-16 Solo Display Team.Helicopter display team · since 2002Команда RNLAF Apache Solo Display TeamВыступление голландских ВВС на вертолете AH-64D в Гилзе-Рийене, заявленное как первая в мире специализированная демонстрационная группа Apache и получившее награду на авиашоу в Фэрфорде, состоялось…Прочитайте страницу пилотажной группы RNLAF Apache Solo Display Team.
Из журнала

Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force news from Afterburner

Everything MiGFlug’s magazine has published on the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force and the aircraft it flies. Этот список обновляется автоматически — новые статьи Afterburner появляются здесь автоматически.

Все истории в Afterburner

Вопросы и ответы

Everything people ask about the Royal Netherlands Air and Space Force

Как сейчас называются Королевские военно-воздушные и космические силы Нидерландов?
С 1 июля 2025 года ВВС Нидерландов называются Commando Lucht- en Ruimtestrijdkrachten (CLRS), что в переводе на английский означает Королевские военно-воздушные и космические силы Нидерландов; это изменение было внесено в Национальном военном музее в Состерберге, чтобы сделать космос полноценной военной сферой. Историческое название Koninklijke Luchtmacht сохранено, и министерство обороны по-прежнему называет командующего Koninklijke Luchtmacht. До переименования командование называлось Commando Luchtstrijdkrachten, а на английском языке это были Королевские военно-воздушные силы Нидерландов (RNLAF), это название до сих пор широко используется.
Какие самолеты будут использоваться ВВС Нидерландов в 2026 году?
The combat fleet is all F-35A Lightning II: 52 in service and 57 on contract. The Defence Helicopter Command flies 28 AH-64E Apaches, 20 Вертолёт CH-47F Chinooks, 19 NH90 NFH maritime helicopters and 12 to 17 AS532U2 Cougars. Transport and support aircraft are four C-130H Геркулес, a Gulfstream, a share of the ten-aircraft multinational A330 MRTT pool at Eindhoven, eight MQ-9A Жнец drones and 13 Пилатус PC-7 trainers.
Используют ли Нидерланды до сих пор истребители F-16?
Нет. Ф-16 was retired on 27 September 2024, the day after the F-35 reached full operational capability, after 45 years in Dutch service. The Netherlands bought 213 of them. Twenty-four were given to Ukraine, and 18 went to the European F-16 Training Center in Romania, which took ownership of them for a symbolic one euro in November 2025.
Сколько истребителей F-35 находится на вооружении Нидерландов?
The June 2025 progress report to Parliament gives a total of 57 Ф-35Аs, with 40 delivered by the end of 2024, eight more due in 2025 and the rest by 2028. The order grew in steps: the government committed to 37 in September 2013, raised the total to 52 in 2022 and to 57 later. They fly with 322 and 323 Squadrons at Leeuwarden, 312 and 313 Squadrons at Volkel and a training detachment at Luke AFB in Arizona.
Почему покупка голландскими Ф-35 вызвала столько споров?
Поскольку проект занял двадцать лет, обошелся дороже, чем планировалось, и сначала сократился, а затем начал расти, Нидерланды присоединились к программе в 2002 году, рассчитывая на около 85 самолетов, а к 2013 году смогли позволить себе только 37 в рамках лимита в 4,5 миллиарда евро; парламент в какой-то момент проголосовал против покупки опытных образцов. Генеральная налоговая палата (Algemene Rekenkamer) следила за проектом более двух десятилетий, обнаружила ошибки в счетах-фактурах США и сформулировала позицию Нидерландов как выбор: сесть в автобус или пропустить его.
Когда были созданы военно-воздушные силы Нидерландов?
On 1 July 1913, when the army’s Luchtvaartafdeeling was set up at Soesterberg with four pilots and a single aircraft, the Brik. It became an independent service, with the prefix Koninklijke (Royal), in March 1953; sources disagree on whether the day was 11 or 27 March.
Что произошло с голландскими военно-воздушными силами в мае 1940 года?
За пять дней армия была практически полностью уничтожена. 10 мая 1940 года у неё оставалось около 155 самолётов, 74 из которых были бипланами; к вечеру того же дня осталось около 70, и только восемь из 28 исправных истребителей Fokker D.XXI пережили бои. Она нанесла мощный удар по немецким десантникам: министерство обороны приписывает голландцам уничтожение более 220 немецких транспортных самолётов. Армия капитулировала 14 мая после бомбардировки Роттердама.
Существовали ли голландские эскадрильи в составе Королевских ВВС?
Yes, three. Nos. 320 and 321 Squadrons were formed on 1 June 1940 by naval airmen who escaped with Fokker T.VIII seaplanes; they flew Hudsons and later B-25 Mitchells. No. 322 (Dutch) Squadron formed with Спитфайрs on 12 June 1943 and was credited with 108.5 V-1 flying bombs in 1944. 322 Squadron still exists and flies the F-35 from Leeuwarden.
Что такое ML-KNIL?
The army air arm of the Netherlands East Indies, separate from the home air force. It fought Japan in 1941–42, re-formed in Australia with B-25 Mitchellпесок Киттихокs, and after 1945 flew P-51 Mustangs against the Indonesian Republic in the two police actions. It was dissolved in 1950, and 26 of its Mustangs went to the Indonesian air force.
Участвовали ли голландские ВВС в боевых действиях в Новой Гвинее?
It defended it. From 1958 an air force detachment guarded Biak, and from 1960 twelve Хоукер Хантерs of 322 Squadron, shipped out on the carrier Karel Doorman, flew there as the fighter element of a New Guinea air defence command. When Indonesia prepared a full assault in 1962 the Dutch judged they could not hold, accepted the New York Agreement of 15 August 1962 and withdrew the Hunters in October.
Сбил ли голландский F-16 МиГ-29?
Yes. On 24 March 1999, the first night of NATO’s campaign against Yugoslavia, Maj. Peter Tankink flying an F-16AM from Amendola in Italy shot down the MiG-29 of Maj. Predrag Milutinović with an AMRAAM missile; the Serbian pilot ejected. It was the first Dutch air-to-air victory since the Second World War. The Dutch flew 1,194 sorties in the campaign.
Что делали голландские истребители F-16 в Сребренице?
11 июля 1995 года два голландских истребителя F-16 совершили единственную воздушную атаку НАТО во время кризиса в Сребренице, разбомбив сербскую бронетехнику на окраине города после того, как голландский батальон запросил поддержку с воздуха. Затем удары были отменены, когда сербы пригрозили убить голландских заложников и обстрелять беженцев, и город пал в тот же день. Неспособность защитить анклав привела к отставке голландского кабинета Вима Кока 16 апреля 2002 года.
Что представляла собой забастовка в Хавидже?
On 3 June 2015 two Dutch F-16s bombed an Islamic State bomb factory in Hawija, Iraq; the secondary explosion killed at least 70 civilians by the coalition’s count and at least 85 by independent research. Parliament was told at the time that no Dutch involvement in civilian casualties was known, and the truth emerged only in October 2019. The government set aside 4.5 million euro for community projects in the town.
Есть ли у Нидерландов ядерное оружие в Волкеле?
The government neither confirms nor denies it. Volkel has carried NATO’s nuclear-sharing role for decades, and the F-35s based there took over all the F-16’s tasks in 2024. Former prime minister Ruud Lubbers said in 2013 that 22 American nuclear bombs were stored there, and a draft NATO parliamentary report in 2019 named Volkel among six European sites holding about 150 US B61 bombs before the reference was removed.
Где расположены базы ВВС Нидерландов?
Леуварден (F-35 и MQ-9), Волкель (F-35), Эйндховен (транспорт, танкеры и Европейское командование воздушного транспорта), Гильзе-Риен (Апач, Чинук и Кугар), Войнсдрехт (тренировочный PC-7 и авиабаза) и Де Кой (NH90), с Диленом в качестве полигона для тренировок вертолетов. Штаб-квартира находится в Бреде. Состерберг, где все началось, больше не является авиабазой; на этом месте находится Национальный военный музей.
Кто командует Королевскими военно-воздушными и космическими силами Нидерландов?
Lieutenant General André Steur, Commander of the Air and Space Force since 14 April 2023. He reports to the Chief of Defence and leads the service from its headquarters in Breda. The Minister of Defence is Dilan Yeşilgöz-Zegerius.
Сколько человек служит в военно-воздушных силах Нидерландов?
Около 9500. Википедия, ссылаясь на министерство обороны, указывает 9467 человек на 2025 год: 7051 военнослужащий, 1349 гражданских лиц и 1067 резервистов. Эта цифра выросла с примерно 8300 в 2020 году.
Что произошло с голландскими истребителями F-16 после их снятия с вооружения?
Most went to Ukraine and Romania. The Netherlands pledged its F-16s to Ukraine in 2023 and delivered 24; another 18 went to the European F-16 Training Center at Fetești in Romania, where Ukrainian and Romanian pilots train, and were transferred to Romania for one euro on 3 November 2025.
Используют ли ВВС Нидерландов беспилотники?
Yes, eight MQ-9A Жнецs with four ground stations, flown by 306 Squadron from Leeuwarden. They were deployed to Romania in 2024 for intelligence gathering. They are being armed, and the ministry expects the weapons to be fully usable by 2028.
Какие голландские самолеты заменят C-130 и Cougar?
The Embraer C-390 Millennium replaces the four С-130s, bought jointly with Austria and Sweden, with the first due at the end of 2027 and the last in 2029. Twelve Airbus H225M Caracals replace the Cougars of 300 Special Operations Squadron between 2030 and 2032, and eight Pilatus PC-7 MKX replace the ПК-7 from May 2027.
Является ли Командование вертолетной авиации Министерства обороны частью военно-воздушных сил?
Да. Вертолётное командование обороны Нидерландов (Defensie Helikopter Commando) в Гилзе-Риене, ранее являвшееся совместным командованием с военно-морским флотом, входит в состав Королевских военно-воздушных и космических сил Нидерландов. Оно эксплуатирует вертолеты Apache, Chinook и Cougar из Гилзе-Риена, а также NH90 из Де Коой для военно-морского флота, при этом 302-я эскадрилья проводит обучение на базе Форт-Худ в Техасе.
В чём заключалось дело компании Lockheed?
A bribery scandal that reached the Dutch royal family. A 1976 US Senate inquiry found that Lockheed had paid bribes abroad to sell aircraft, including the Истребитель F-104 «Старфайтер», and on 26 August 1976 Prince Bernhard, the Queen’s husband, was forced to resign as Inspector-General of the armed forces after being accused of accepting about 1.1 million dollars.
What fighters did the Dutch fly before the F-16?
After the war came the Глостерский метеор, then the F-84G Thunderjet and F-84F Thunderstreak, the Хоукер Хантер until 1968, 63 F-86K Sabre all-weather fighters until 1964, the Истребитель F-104G Starfighter from 1962 to 1984 and 105 Canadair-built NF-5s from 1969 to 1991. The F-16 replaced the Starfighter and the NF-5.
Who guards Dutch airspace?
The Netherlands and Belgium take turns. Since 1 January 2017 the two air forces have alternated Quick Reaction Alert for the whole Benelux, so the Dutch F-35s at Leeuwarden and Volkel and the Belgian fighters share one alert roster.
How much does the Netherlands spend on defence?
The Netherlands, like every NATO ally, committed at the Hague summit on 25 June 2025 to spend 5 per cent of GDP on defence by 2035, of which 3.5 per cent on core defence and up to 1.5 per cent on resilience and related spending. A separate air force budget figure was not confirmed for this page.

Источники и дополнительная литература

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Данные проверены 28.09.2026. Страницы с боевым порядком созданы заново на основе одного набора данных; если число здесь не совпадает со страницей из Книги Зверей, значит, эта страница является более новой из двух.

Photographs: Photo: Defensie / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Mediacentrum Defensie – Jan Dijkstra / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Dutch Ministry of Defence – Mike De Graaf / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: MarcelX42 / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Mark Harkin / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) · Photo: Anna Zvereva / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Defensie Nederland / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Airwolfhound from Hertfordshire, UK / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Steve Lynes from Sandshurst, United Kingdom / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) · Photo: Alf van Beem / Wikimedia Commons (CC0) · Photo: Rob Schleiffert from Holland / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Ank Kumar / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Tim Felce / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: AlfvanBeem / Wikimedia Commons (CC0) · Photo: André Gerwing / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Alf van Beem / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo (Belgian F-84G shown): Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Jim.van.de.Burgt / Wikimedia Commons (CC0) · Photo: calflier001 / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Onbekend / Koninklijke Luchtmacht / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Fotoafdrukken Koninklijke Marine / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Fotograaf Onbekend / DLC / Wikimedia Commons (CC0) · Photo: USAAF / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: Fokker factories / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: Vliegbasis Soesterberg / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Collectie Fotoafdrukken Koninklijke Luchtmacht / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Collectie Van Beek / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Jemr69 / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Aleem Yousaf / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo (Belgian T-33 shown): Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)