クロアチア空軍
The Croatian Air Force (Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo) was founded on 12 December 1991 in the middle of a war, from converted crop dusters, a captured helicopter and MiG-21s flown over by defecting Yugoslav pilots; it flew MiG-21s for three decades, through a troubled Ukrainian overhaul, and in 2024–2025 replaced them with 12 second-hand Rafales that have guarded Croatian airspace on their own since 1 January 2026.
The Croatian Air Force story: crop dusters in 1991, MiG-21s by defection and the Rafale
1941–1945: the air force of an Axis state, and a legion in Russia
Croatian military flying before 1991 belonged to other states, and one chapter needs careful handling. The Independent State of Croatia (NDH), the Axis-aligned state set up in April 1941, formed an air force (Zrakoplovstvo NDH) on 19 April 1941 from about 211 former Royal Yugoslav aircraft handed over by the Germans, later adding German and Italian types. Its main work, according to Wikipedia’s account, was bombing, reconnaissance and supply against the Yugoslav Partisans, about 4,800 sorties in 1942 alone. A Croatian Air Force Legion formed on 12 July 1941 flew with the Luftwaffe on the Eastern Front from October 1941 to March 1944; its fighter squadron is credited with 283 victories, a figure resting on wartime claims. Crews and aircraft repeatedly defected to the Partisans, and the service ended on 8 May 1945. Today’s air force dates itself from 1991; the official pages checked claim no lineage from the NDH air force.
1991: crop dusters, a captured Mi-8 and an arms embargo
When war came in 1991, the Yugoslav People’s Army (JNA) had an air force of about 300 MiG-21s alongside Galeb and Orao attack jets, and it was used against Croatia: on 7 October 1991 Yugoslav aircraft struck Banski dvori, the government building in Zagreb. UN Security Council Resolution 713 of 25 September 1991 embargoed arms to all of Yugoslavia, which, Wikipedia notes, hurt the new Croatian army far more than the JNA-backed forces. Croatia’s first air arm was improvised: Antonov An-2 crop dusters dropping makeshift bombs. “We created the air force almost from nothing, installing weapons systems in agricultural aircraft ourselves,” General Šundov said at the 2017 anniversary, as the ministry reported it. The first helicopter was a Yugoslav Mi-8 hit by National Guard small-arms fire near Petrinja on 23 September 1991 and flown to Lučko. The service, then called Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo i protuzračna obrana, was formally founded on 12 December 1991.
1991–1994: MiG-21s by defection and by purchase
Jets came first by defection. On 25 October 1991 Rudolf Perešin flew a MiG-21R from the Bihać area to Klagenfurt in Austria; the ministry quotes him as saying he was a Croat and would not fire on Croats. His aircraft stayed in Austria, amid competing Croatian and Serbian claims, until it was unveiled in Zagreb on 12 May 2019. Danijel Borović followed in February 1992, Ivica Ivandić flew from Ponikve in Serbia to Split on 15 May 1992, and Ivan Selak also brought a MiG-21, on a date not confirmed here. Then came purchases made despite the embargo: Wikipedia counts about 40 MiG-21s from former Soviet Central Asian units in 1993–1994, of which 24 were flyable and 16 used for spares (its operator list gives 23 MiG-21bis, one MiG-21US and three MiG-21UM from Kyrgyzstan), and about 15 Mi-24 attack helicopters in mid-1993.
1995: Operation Flash and Operation Storm
The MiG-21s flew reconnaissance, air superiority and close air support; Wikipedia records three lost to enemy fire. In Operation Flash, in western Slavonia in May 1995, they struck the Sava bridge at Stara Gradiška without dropping it, and on 2 May Perešin was shot down there and killed. The Krajina Serb side answered with cluster rockets on Zagreb that killed six civilians. In Operation Storm, launched on 4 August 1995, the air force had 17 MiG-21s, five attack and nine transport helicopters; on the first day 13 MiG-21s hit six targets, and US Navy aircraft on NATO patrol fired on Krajina Serb missile sites at Udbina and Knin. Croatia celebrates Storm as a victory and liberation; Serbia and Serb organisations mark it as the flight of 150,000–200,000 Serbs, and Serb civilian deaths are disputed (214 by Croatian figures, 1,192 in Serbian sources). The ICTY finally acquitted the three Croatian generals tried over it.
1995–2021: firefighters, a Ukrainian overhaul and a failed F-16 deal
Peace brought trainers and firefighters: Pilatus PC-9Ms from 1996, Bell 206 helicopters, and an aerial firefighting force that grew from Mi-8s in 1993 and Canadair CL-215s in 1994 to six CL-415s by 2010 plus Air Tractors. The Mi-24s went in 2005. The fighters were the hard part. Croatia joined NATO in 2009, but money was short, and on 8 July 2013 it signed with Ukraine’s Ukrspecexport to overhaul seven of its MiG-21s at Odessa and buy five more; the twelfth was handed over in July 2015. The project was dogged by delays, a public dispute with the newspaper Večernji list in 2014 and, in March 2016, military intelligence and police checks and an expert commission set up after “frequent difficulties with the aircraft”, in the ministry’s words. A 2018 plan to buy Israeli F-16 Barak jets collapsed in January 2019 when Israel said it could not obtain US approval; no contract had been signed.
2021–2026: Rafales, Black Hawks and drones
The answer was French. After a government decision of 4 July 2019 to buy fighters, Croatia signed on 25 November 2021 for 12 used Rafale F3-Rs, ten single-seat and two two-seat, for EUR 999,068,493, or about EUR 1.15 billion with indexation and VAT. The first six landed on 25 April 2024 and the last a year later to the day. The MiG-21 stood its last alert on 30 November 2024; Italian Eurofighters and Hungarian Gripens then guarded Croatian skies free of charge while Rafale pilots trained, and the Rafales took over around the clock on 1 January 2026. An F4 upgrade worth EUR 112.2 million was approved in September 2026. Four UH-60M Black Hawks arrived from 2022, eight more are due by 2028, and six Bayraktar TB2 drones entered service in September 2025. What remains thin is depth: one squadron of 12 fighters, and air refuelling that depends on allies.
The Croatian Air Force in numbers
サービス
- ネイティブ名
- Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo (HRZ)The spelling the Ministry of Defence uses. Founded as Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo i protuzračna obrana (HRZ i PZO), the name the ministry still used in 2017; since at least 2022 it writes simply HRZ. The English Wikipedia title is Croatian Air Force
- 設立
- 12 December 1991Marked every year on 12 December. Earlier units were formed in the autumn of 1991, including the 392nd and 395th squadrons on 6 November 1991
- 一部
- Armed Forces of the Republic of CroatiaOne of three branches with the army and navy, under the Chief of the General Staff, General Tihomir Kundid
- 本部
- Pleso, Velika GoricaAt the Pukovnik Marko Živković barracks beside Zagreb airport, home of the 91st Wing
- 司令官
- Brig. Krešimir RažovSince 23 October 2025; styled brigadier general by the ministry in September 2026
- 国防大臣
- イヴァン・アヌシッチAlso Deputy Prime Minister
強さ
- 戦闘機
-
- Dassault Rafale C/B F3-R — 12 (10 single-seat, 2 two-seat)
Full squadron since 25 April 2025, with the 191st Fighter Squadron at Pleso; F4 upgrade approved September 2026
- ヘリコプター
-
- Mi-171Sh — 10
- OH-58D Kiowa Warrior — 15 (16 received)
- UH-60M Black Hawk — 4 (8 more ordered)
- Bell 206B-3 — 8 (10 received)
Counts for the Mi-171Sh, Kiowa and Bell 206 are from Wikipedia’s inventory; the Black Hawk figures are the ministry’s
- トレーナー
-
- Pilatus PC-9M — 14–17
- Zlin 242L — 4–5
The ministry counted 17 PC-9Ms and five Zlins in 2019; Wikipedia gives 14 PC-9Ms after six were sold and four Zlins after one loss
- Firefighting aircraft
-
- Canadair CL-415 — 6
- Air Tractor AT-802/AT-902 — about 6–8
- DHC-515 — 2 ordered
855th Firefighting Squadron, Zemunik. Six CL-415s since 2009–2010; DHC-515s due 2029 and 2030
- ドローン
- Bayraktar TB2 — 6125th squadron; bought for EUR 67.01 million excluding VAT; presented on 2 September 2025
- 国防予算
- EUR 1.626 billion (2026)Up EUR 281 million, or 20.9 per cent, on 2025; about EUR 640 million for equipment. The ministry gives defence spending as 2.08 per cent of GDP in 2025
インフラストラクチャー
- ウィングス
-
- 91st Wing — Pleso (Zagreb): Rafale, Black Hawk, Mi-171Sh, TB2
- 93rd Wing — Zemunik (Zadar): training, firefighting, Kiowa; helicopters at Divulje
The 392nd squadron flies from Zemunik and the 395th transport helicopter squadron from Divulje near Split
- ヘリコプター基地
- Lučko and DivuljeNamed by the ministry as helicopter bases; Lučko received the first captured Mi-8 in 1991
- 航空警備
- Two Rafales, 24/7, since 1 January 2026Within NATO’s integrated air and missile defence system. Italy and Hungary covered from 1 December 2024 to the end of 2025
- 展示チーム
- Krila Oluje (Wings of Storm)Founded 2005 on the PC-9M at Zemunik; 261 displays including 68 abroad in 15 countries by April 2025
- 海外での消防活動
- Regular rescEU and bilateral deploymentsCL-415s went to Greece in 2024, to Albania three times and to Montenegro in 2025, and to France in July 2026
- Memorial aircraft
- Four defection MiG-21sSelak’s at Pleso, Borović’s at Pula, Perešin’s at Gornja Stubica and Ivandić’s at Divulje
How the Croatian Air Force is organised
One command at Pleso over two wings. The 91st Wing at Zagreb-Pleso holds the Rafales, the TB2 drones and, at Lučko, the multirole helicopters; the 93rd at Zadar-Zemunik runs pilot training, firefighting and the Kiowa Warriors, with transport helicopters at Divulje. Croatia’s firefighting aircraft belong to the air force.
空軍司令部
At the Pukovnik Marko Živković barracks at Pleso, under the Chief of the General Staff, General Tihomir Kundid. Brig. Krešimir Ražov took command on 23 October 2025 from Maj. Gen. Michael Križanec, who had led the service for about six years.
191st Fighter Squadron, 91st Wing
Every Croatian fighter: 12 second-hand Rafale F3-Rs, the last delivered on 25 April 2025, which have held the air policing alert around the clock since 1 January 2026. The squadron flew the MiG-21 from 1992 until 2024.
125th Reconnaissance-Combat Squadron
Six Bayraktar TB2s, in service since 2 September 2025; in May 2026 one dropped the service’s first live laser-guided bomb near Slunj.
194th Multirole Helicopter Squadron
Formed on 23 September 1991 around a Yugoslav Mi-8 hit near Petrinja; today it flies UH-60M Black Hawks, with eight more due, and Mi-171Sh.
第93航空団
The 392nd squadron trains every military pilot on the Zlin 242L and PC-9M, the 855th Firefighting Squadron flies six CL-415s and Air Tractors, and the 393rd flies OH-58D Kiowa Warriors; the Krila Oluje display team flies from here too.
395th Transport Helicopter Squadron
Mi-171Sh helicopters of the 93rd Wing on year-round call for medical evacuation and search and rescue along the Adriatic. The military’s firefighting command sits at Divulje in the fire season.
What the Croatian Air Force flies today
課金対象となるすべてのタイプは、該当する「獣図鑑」のページ（存在する場合）にリンクされています。. 表示されている機数は、予約済みの機数であり、特定の日に利用可能な機数ではありません。.
| タイプ | 役割 | 使用中 | 以来 | 単位 | 注記 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dassault Rafale C and B (F3-R)使用中 | 多目的戦闘機 | 12 | 2024 | Ten single-seat and two two-seat, all used French aircraft. Six arrived on 25 April 2024, the rest from November 2024; the twelfth on 25 April 2025. | ||
| バイカル・バイラクタルTB2使用中 | 武装偵察ドローン | 6 | 2025 | Six aircraft with ground control stations and a simulator. | ||
| シコルスキーUH-60Mブラックホーク使用中 | 汎用および特殊作戦用ヘリコプター | 4 | 2022 | Four: two donated by the United States and two bought. Eight more ordered in 2024 for a squadron of 12. | ||
| ミル Mi-171sh使用中 | Transport and armed helicopter | 10 | Ten per Wikipedia; ten were overhauled by ZTC Velika Gorica with Russian Helicopters under a 2017 contract. | |||
| Bell OH-58D(R) Kiowa Warrior使用中 | Armed scout helicopter | 15 | 2016 | Sixteen received from US Army stocks in 2016; one lost on 27 January 2020. | ||
| ベル206B-3 ジェットレンジャー使用中 | ヘリコプター訓練機 | 8 | Ten received, two lost (Wikipedia). | |||
| ピラタス PC-9M使用中 | Basic trainer and display aircraft | 1996 | 14–17. The ministry counted 17 in 2019; Wikipedia says three second-hand aircraft came in 1996 and 17 new in 1997, and that six were later sold, leaving 14. | |||
| Zlin Z 242L使用中 | Screening and primary trainer | 4–5: five in 2019 per the ministry; four after one loss per Wikipedia. | ||||
| カナディアCL-415使用中 | 水陸両用消防飛行機 | 6 | 1996 | Six since 2009–2010. | ||
| Air Tractor AT-802A/F Fire Boss and AT-902使用中 | Firefighting aircraft | 2000 | About 6–8. The ministry’s history lists two in 2000, five in 2007–2008 and a two-seat AT-902 in 2014; Wikipedia gives six in service after one loss. |
注文済み
| タイプ | 注文しました | 初回配達 | 注記 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| シコルスキーUH-60Mブラックホーク注文済み | 8 | 2028 | Ordered in March 2024 for USD 273,807,829, 51 per cent paid by the United States; delivery was expected during 2028.
もっとIn September 2026 the minister said they were in final production at Huntsville and might arrive within a year. |
|
| デ・ハビランド・カナダ DHC-515 消防車注文済み | 2 | 2029 | Ordered through the EU rescEU mechanism; due in 2029 and 2030. Wikipedia gives the wider European deal as worth EUR 105 million. | |
| Rafale F3-R to F4 upgrade注文済み | 12 | An upgrade, not new aircraft: letter of intent 8 December 2025, government approval in September 2026 for EUR 112.2 million with VAT over 2026–2032, adding passive detection and self-protection improvements. |
Every type the Croatian Air Force has retired
12 types, from the Messerschmitt Bf 109E and G to the Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis, bis-D, UM and UMD. ピーク時の数値は、特定の日付における機体数ではなく、運用期間全体を通して引き渡された機体数を指します。.
| タイプ | 役割 | ピーク | 提供 | に置き換えられました | 注記 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis, bis-D, UM and UMD | ファイター | 1992–2024 | ラファール | Three defection aircraft in 1992, about 27–40 bought in 1993–1994 (sources disagree on how many were flyable), and 12 in the overhauled squadron of 2015 (seven Croatian, five bought from Ukraine). | ||
| アントノフ An-32B | 戦術輸送 | 2 | Wikipediaによると2件。. | |||
| Mil Mi-8MTV-1 and Mi-8T | 輸送ヘリコプター | 1991–2023 | UH-60M | Total not confirmed. Wikipedia says 14 (12 Mi-8MTV-1 and two Mi-8T) were donated to Ukraine in 2023. | ||
| Mil Mi-24D/V | 攻撃ヘリコプター | 1993–2005 | About 15 acquired in mid-1993 per Wikipedia; seven Mi-24Vs were retired in 2005. | |||
| カナディアCL-215 | 水陸両用消防飛行機 | 1994–2002 | CL-415 | Two arrived in 1994 with mixed Croatian and Canadian crews; two used aircraft were bought from Italy in 1995. | ||
| Messerschmitt Bf 109E and G | Fighter (NDH air force and Legion) | 1941年～1945年 | More than 50 per Wikipedia. | |||
| ドルニエ Do 17 | 爆撃機 | 62 | 1941年～1945年 | 62 of all variants per Wikipedia. | ||
| フィアットG.50 | ファイター | 1942年～1945年 | More than 30 per Wikipedia. | |||
| Macchi C.202 and C.205 | ファイター | 22 | 1943年～1945年 | 22 of both types per Wikipedia. | ||
| ブリストル・ブレナム | 爆撃機 | 1941年～1945年 | Ex-Yugoslav aircraft. | |||
| Potez 25 and Breguet 19 | 偵察機および軽爆撃機 | 1941年～1945年 | Ex-Yugoslav aircraft. | |||
| アントノフ An-2 | Crop duster used as improvised bomber | 1991– | A few; numbers not published. |
Where the Croatian Air Force flies from
黒色のピンはアクティブなベース、中空のピンは閉じたベースです。. Željava, the Yugoslav army’s underground air base on the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina, was demolished in 1991–1992 and is still mined; Udbina, a Krajina Serb airfield struck by NATO in 1994, is now an army barracks. Sinj, where organised Croatian military flying began in 1990, is a sport airfield. Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.
| ベース | ICAO | 状態 | 滑走路 | 部隊と航空機 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ディヴリェ・ヘリコプター基地Split-Dalmatia County (Splitsko-dalmatinska županija), near Trogir | アクティブ |
|
||
| ルチコ・ヘリコプター基地City of Zagreb (Grad Zagreb) | LDZL | アクティブ |
|
|
| UdbinaLika-Senj County (Ličko-senjska županija) | アクティブ | |||
| Zadar-Zemunikザダル郡 (Zadarska županija)、ゼムニク ドンジ | LDZD | アクティブ | 13/312,500メートルコンクリート04/222,000メートル |
|
| Zagreb-Plesoザグレブ郡 (Zagrebačka županija)、ヴェリカ ゴリツァ | LDZA | アクティブ | 04/223,252メートルアスファルトとコンクリート |
|
| PulaIstria County (Istarska županija) | LDPL | 閉店 | 09/272,950メートル |
|
| SinjSplit-Dalmatia County (Splitsko-dalmatinska županija) | 閉店 |
|
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| ŽeljavaLika-Senj County (Ličko-senjska županija), Croatia, and Una-Sana Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina: the international border runs through the site | 1992年に閉鎖 |
|
その検索条件に一致する空軍基地は見つかりませんでした。.
Who is stationed where in the Croatian Air Force
基地ごとの飛行部隊一覧（現行部隊から順）。. Most Croatian squadrons carry the number of their wing — the 191st and 194th in the 91st, the 392nd, 393rd and 395th in the 93rd — and three were founded in the autumn of 1991, in the middle of the war. Where a formation date or a unit could not be confirmed, the entry says so.
- 第 191 戦闘飛行隊 (191. eskadrila lovačkih aviona)戦闘飛行隊・現役
- ダッソー・ラファール C/B F3-R（フランスから中古で購入した12機）
- 第 125 偵察戦闘飛行隊 (125. izvidničko-borbena eskadrila)Unmanned combat and reconnaissance squadron · active
- バイカル・バイラクタルTB2（6）
- アメリカ空軍第31戦闘航空団（演習分遣隊）2025年～2025年
- F-16ファイティングファルコン
- 第392航空飛行隊 (392. eskadrila aviona)Pilot training squadron · active
- ピラタス PC-9M, 、ズリン242L
- クリラ・オルジェ (嵐の翼) 曲技飛行チームWings of Storm · Aerobatic display team · active
- ピラタスPC-9M（6機編隊）
- 第393ヘリコプター飛行隊 (393. eskadrila helikoptera)Armed reconnaissance helicopter squadron · active
- ベルOH-58Dカイオワ・ウォリアー
- 第 855 消防中隊 (855. protupožarna eskadrila)Aerial firefighting squadron · active
- カナディアCL-415（6機）、エアトラクターAT-802（6機）
- 多国籍特殊航空訓練センター（MSAP TC）Multinational special-operations helicopter training centre · allied
- 第105戦闘爆撃航空連隊（ユーゴスラビア空軍）1961–1991
- G-4 Super Galeb (249th Squadron), G-2 Galeb (251st Squadron), Utva 75 (333rd Squadron)
- アメリカ陸軍パトリオットミサイル部隊（第10軍防空ミサイル司令部）2021年～2021年
- 395th Transport Helicopter Squadron (395. eskadrila transportnih helikoptera)Transport, search and rescue helicopter squadron · active
- Mi-171sh
- Operational Firefighting Command Divulje (Operativno vatrogasno zapovjedništvo)Seasonal firefighting command · active
- 194th Multirole Helicopter Squadron (194. eskadrila višenamjenskih helikoptera)Multirole helicopter squadron · active
- シコルスキーUH-60Mブラックホーク, Mi-171sh
検索条件に一致するユニットは見つかりませんでした。.
Croatian Air Force milestones, 1914 to today
19 April: the NDH air force is formed from captured Yugoslav aircraft. 12 July: the Croatian Air Force Legion is formed to fly with the Luftwaffe.
8 May: the NDH air force ceases to exist; its aircraft pass to the new Yugoslav air force.
23 September: a Yugoslav Mi-8 hit near Petrinja becomes the first Croatian helicopter. 7 October: Yugoslav jets strike Banski dvori in Zagreb. 25 October: Rudolf Perešin flies a MiG-21 to Klagenfurt. 12 December: the air force and air defence (HRZ i PZO) is founded.
February: Danijel Borović defects with a MiG-21. 15 May: Ivica Ivandić flies a MiG-21 from Ponikve to Split.
About 15 Mi-24s are acquired; MiG-21s bought from former Soviet units follow into 1994. Mi-8s begin carrying firefighters.
2 May: Perešin is shot down and killed in Operation Flash. 4 August: Operation Storm begins with 17 MiG-21s available.
The Pilatus PC-9M and the first Canadair CL-415 enter service; ten Bell 206s are ordered.
Seven Mi-24Vs are retired; the Krila Oluje display team is formed on the PC-9M.
Croatia joins NATO; on 2 July Mi-171Sh crews begin flying with KFOR in Kosovo.
8 July: a contract with Ukrspecexport to overhaul and buy 12 MiG-21s is signed; the last is handed over in July 2015.
March: the ministry orders checks and an expert commission on the Ukrainian MiG-21s. Sixteen OH-58D Kiowa Warriors arrive from the US Army.
10 January: the Israeli F-16 Barak deal collapses. 12 May: Perešin’s MiG-21 returns from Austria. 4 July: the government decides to buy a new fighter.
25 November: contract for 12 used Rafale F3-Rs signed during President Macron’s visit.
3 February: the first two UH-60M Black Hawks arrive; four are in service by December. 6 December: a two-seat MiG-21 crashes near Slatina; both pilots survive.
25 April: the first six Rafales land. 30 November: the MiG-21’s last alert day; Italy and Hungary take over air policing. 21 November: six Bayraktar TB2s ordered.
25 April: the twelfth Rafale arrives. 2 September: the TB2 is presented. 23 October: Brig. Krešimir Ražov takes command. 8 December: letter of intent for the Rafale F4.
1 January: Rafales take over air policing 24/7. May: first live TB2 laser-guided bomb. September: F4 upgrade approved; Rafales train refuelling with a German A400M.
クロアチア空軍とその前身の空軍が戦ったすべての戦争
記録に残っている出撃回数と損失回数、そして記録が残っていない場合は正直に空白とします。.
- ユーゴスラビア・パルチザンに対する空爆 1941年～1945年 Bombing, reconnaissance and supply in support of Axis and NDH ground forces against the Partisans
- 東部戦線におけるクロアチア空軍部隊 1941年～1944年 A fighter and a bomber squadron attached to the Luftwaffe
- クロアチア独立戦争 1991年～1995年 Supply, casualty evacuation and improvised bombing in 1991; from 1992–1993 reconnaissance, air superiority and close air support with MiG-21s and attack and transport helicopters
- オペレーション・フラッシュ 1995 MiG-21 strikes on the Sava bridge at Stara Gradiška and Krajina Serb positions; Mi-24s were requested to stop Serb armour
- オペレーション・ストーム 1995 MiG-21 strikes on command posts, communications, bridges and artillery; Mi-24 attacks on armour; Mi-8 casualty evacuation
The Croatian Air Force display team
Each team has its own page: history, aircraft, the display, the accidents and the sources.
Everything people ask about the Croatian Air Force
What is the Croatian Air Force called in Croatian?
What aircraft does the Croatian Air Force fly in 2026?
How many Rafales does Croatia have and what did they cost?
When did Croatia retire the MiG-21?
What was the MiG-21 overhaul scandal with Ukraine?
Which pilots defected to Croatia with MiG-21s?
What did the Croatian Air Force do in Operation Storm?
Who protects Croatian airspace?
Why does the Croatian Air Force fly water bombers?
Did Croatia have an air force in the Second World War?
Read the aircraft the Croatian Air Force flew
『獣の書』にページがあるすべての機種を、まず就役した年、次に艦隊から退役した年順に掲載する。.
すべての事実を確認済み
- MORH: Brigadir Krešimir Ražov preuzeo dužnost zapovjednika Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva (23 October 2025)Change of command at the Pukovnik Marko Živković barracks, Pleso; predecessor Maj. Gen. Michael Križanec after about six years; presided by Gen. Tihomir Kundid.
- MORH: Zapovjednik HRZ-a: Black Hawk donosi širok spektar sposobnosti (15 September 2026)Ražov as air force commander; four UH-60M in service, eight more coming, twelve in all.
- MORH: Anušić: Black Hawkovi i HIMARS-i stižu ranije (15 September 2026)Eight UH-60M in final production at Huntsville; delivery possibly within a year; radar modernisation contracted.
- MORH: Ministar Banožić dočekao dva nova hrvatska helikoptera Black Hawk (3 February 2022)First two UH-60M, a US donation, arrive by C-17; project of four (two donated, two bought); special forces support.
- MORH: Helikopteri Black Hawk dokaz snažnog partnerstva Hrvatske i SAD-a (13 March 2024)Eight more UH-60M for USD 273,807,829, 51 per cent US-funded; delivery expected 2028.
- MORH: Anušić: HIMARS-e i Black Hawkove Hrvatska će dobiti 2028. godine (13 May 2026)Minister says the Black Hawks will arrive in 2028 as agreed.
- MORH: Ministar Banožić potpisao Ugovor o kupnji borbenih aviona Rafale (25 November 2021)Contract for 12 Rafales signed with France during President Macron’s visit; strategic partnership declaration.
- MORH: Avion Rafale za moderno Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo (project page)Government decision of 4 July 2019 to procure fighters; 12 used F3-R (10 single-seat, 2 two-seat); EUR 999,068,493, EUR 1,152,496,307 with indexation and VAT; MiG-21 life expiring by 2024.
- MORH: Dolazak u Hrvatsku (Rafale project page)First six Rafales in April 2024, further aircraft in November and December 2024; service life of 30 years and more.
- MORH: Stigao i posljednji Rafale! Hrvatska sada ima kompletnu eskadrilu od 12 borbenih lovaca (25 April 2025)Last of 12 arrives 25 April 2025, exactly a year after the first six; defence spending 2 per cent of GDP in 2025.
- MORH: Vlada donijela odluku o nabavi 18 samohodnih višecijevnih lansera raketa Chunmoo K239, dodatnom opremanju Rafalea (4 September 2026)F3-R to F4 upgrade, EUR 112.2 million with VAT, 2026–2032; combat communications upgrade EUR 41.1 million.
- MORH: Vlada RH odobrila 28 milijuna eura za održavanje borbenih aviona Rafale (2 July 2026)EUR 28,035,428 for 2027–2029 support by Dassault; EUR 64,006,780 for 2026–2029.
- MORH: Hrvatski Rafalei i njemački A400M uvježbavaju opskrbu gorivom u zraku (11 September 2026)191st Fighter Squadron, 91st Wing, trains air-to-air refuelling with a Luftwaffe A400M.
- MORH: Anušić: Opremamo sve tri grane hrvatske vojske (8 December 2025)Letter of intent for upgrading 12 Rafales to F4; about four billion euros of modernisation in all.
- MORH: Ministar Anušić na AIRVG2025 (10 May 2025)All 12 Rafales shown to the public at Zagreb airport, with two MiG-21s and the rest of the fleet on static display.
- MORH: ラファレア、空軍特権、グリペニとタリヤンスキ、ユーロファイターの任務 (2024 年 10 月 12 日)ラファール戦闘機のパイロットが訓練を行う間、同盟国はイタリアとハンガリーの基地から警戒態勢にある2機の戦闘機を待機させる。クロアチアに費用負担はない。.
- MORH: タリヤンスキー・ユーロファイターとマジャースキー・グリペニ・プリブレメノ・チェ・オッド1.プロシンカ・オバブリャティ航空警備（2024年11月30日）MiG-21は2024年11月30日をもって警戒任務から離脱し、2024年12月1日からはイタリアとハンガリーがその任務を引き継ぐ。.
- MORH: Hrvatski Rafalei od 1. siječnja 2026. preuzimaju nadzor hrvatskog zračnog prostora (2025 年 12 月 27 日)ラファール戦闘機は、2026年1月1日からNATINAMDS（国家航空管制システム）内で24時間体制の航空警備任務を引き継ぐ。.
- MORH: アヌシッチ大臣: Hrvatska i Mađarska jačaju suradnju u području obrambene industrije (2025 年 10 月 21 日)ハンガリーによる航空警備支援は2025年末で終了する。.
- MORH: Najveća postignuća Ministarstva obrane i Hrvatske vojske u 2025. godini (31 December 2025)Rafale fully integrated; Bayraktar TB2 introduced; defence spending 2.08 per cent of GDP in 2025.
- MORH: Ministar Anušić predstavio proračun obrane (20 November 2025)2026 defence budget EUR 1.626 billion, up EUR 281 million (20.9 per cent) on 2025; about EUR 640 million for equipment.
- MORH: Svečano obilježena 34. obljetnica Hrvatskog ratnog zrakoplovstva (11 December 2025)Anniversary at Pleso with President Milanović, Gen. Kundid and Brig. Ražov.
- MORH: Obilježena 26. obljetnica HRZ i PZO-a i primopredaja zapovjednika (2017 年 12 月 12 日)1991年12月12日にHRZ i PZOとして設立。農業用航空機を基盤として「ほぼゼロから」構築。ミロスラフ・コヴァチ少将からマテ・ミキッチ准将に任務を引き継ぐ。.
- MORH: Svečano obilježena 31. obljetnica HRZ-a (12 December 2022)Commander Michael Križanec; four Black Hawks received in 2022.
- MORH: トリデセット・チェティリ・ゴディン・ウスピエシュノグ・ラーダ 392. エスカドリーレ・アヴィオナ i 395. エスカドリーレ輸送ヘリコプテラ 93. クリラ (2025 年 11 月 7 日)Both squadrons founded 6 November 1991; Zemunik and Divulje.
- MORH: Obilježena 35. obljetnica osnutka 194. eskadrile višenamjenskih helikoptera (2026 年 9 月 23 日)最初の機体は、1991年9月23日にペトリニャ近郊で国家警備隊の小火器による攻撃を受けたMi-8で、ルチコへ搬送された。.
- MORH: Odabran izvođač remonta borbenih zrakoplova MiG-21 (10 June 2013)Ukrspecexport chosen to overhaul and supply 12 MiG-21s.
- MORH: Potpisan ugovor o remontu i nabavi MiG-ova (8 July 2013)Contract signed by Minister Ante Kotromanović and Ukrspecexport’s director.
- MORH: Reagiranje MORH-a na članak u Večernjem listu o remontu MIG-ova (14 August 2014)Ministry rejects a newspaper’s claims about delays and avionics repair; 19 of 83 NAV/COMM/IFF units found unserviceable.
- MORH: U operativnoj uporabi HRZ i PZO-a i posljednji, 12. MIG-21 (16 July 2015)Twelfth overhauled MiG-21 handed over; seven Croatian and five bought from Ukraine; Odessa repair plant; contract of 9 July 2013.
- MORH: Ministarstvo obrane o zrakoplovima MIG-21 (22 March 2016)Military intelligence and military police checks; expert commission on the overhauled and bought aircraft after frequent difficulties.
- MORH: Zapovjednik HRZ i PZO general Šćuri i pilot MiG-a o detaljima pada aviona (5 August 2014)MiG-21 lost near Pleso after hydraulic failure and engine fire; Col. Stanko Hrženjak ejected. The URL contains 05062014 but the page is dated 5 August 2014.
- MORH: Istraga o padu aviona MiG-21 se nastavlja (7 December 2022)Two-seat MiG-21 crashed near Slatina, Virovitica-Podravina County, on 6 December 2022.
- MORH: Zdravstveno stanje pilota MiG-21 (7 December 2022)Both pilots ejected and survived.
- MORH: Obilježena 25. obljetnica pogibije pigita HRZ-a Rudolfa Perešina (2020 年 5 月 2 日)1991年10月25日にクラーゲンフルトへ亡命。1995年5月2日、スタラ・グラディシュカ近郊でのフラッシュ作戦中に死亡。遺体は1997年8月4日に返還された。.
- MORH: ポヴラタク・ポブジェドニカ: ペレシノフ MiG-21 otkriven ispred MORH-a (2019 年 5 月 12 日)MiG-21 26112はオーストリアから帰還し、2019年5月12日にザグレブで公開された。.
- MORH: Obilježena 33. obljetnica preleta Danijela Borovića avionom MiG-21 (2025 年 2 月 5 日)ボロヴィッチ、イヴァンディッチ、セラクはMiG-21とともにJNAから離脱した。プーラに展示されたボロビッチの航空機。.
- MORH: Obilježena 28. obljetnica preleta Danijela Borovića avionom MiG-21 (2020 年 2 月 5 日)飛行記念日。 『Prelet za Hrvatsku』という本。.
- モルフ: スヴェチャノ・オトクリヴェン・エクスポナト・アヴィオナ MiG-21 プコヴニカ・イヴィツェ・イヴァンディチャ・ウ・ディヴルジャマ (2022 年 5 月 16 日)イヴァンディッチは1992年5月15日にウジツェ近郊のポニクヴェからスプリトへ飛んだ。.
- MORH: Pojašnjenje MORH-a vezano za otkrivanje eksponata MiG-a 21 u vojarni Knez Trpimir (2022 年 5 月 15 日)プレソのセラク、プーラのボロビッチ、ゴルニャ・ストゥビツァのペレシン、ディヴリェのイヴァンディッチの４機の亡命機が記念碑となっている。.
- モルフ：大臣オブラン・ドディジェリオ・サット・ポスベトム・ブリガディル・イヴァヌ・セレク（2012年7月17日）セラクは1992年からクロアチア軍に所属し、2012年6月19日には後部キャノピーが破損したMiG-21を無事着陸させた。.
- MORH: Održana premijera dokumentarnog filma o prvim hrvatskim MIG-ovima (2011 年 6 月 20 日)亡命した3人のパイロット、セラキ、ボロヴィッチ、イヴァンディッチに関するドキュメンタリー。.
- MORH: Očitovanje Države Izrael o projektu nabave VBA (10 January 2019)Israel says it could not secure US approval to transfer F-16 Barak aircraft; no contract signed and no financial damage.
- MORH: Povijest gašenja požara iz zrakaAerial firefighting from 1993; CL-215 from 1994; CL-415 from 1996, six by 2009–2010; AT-802 from 2000 and 2007–2008; AT-902 in 2014.
- MORH: Hrvatski Canadair CL-415 upućen u Francusku (24 July 2026)855th Firefighting Squadron at Zemunik sends a CL-415 to France.
- MORH: Vojni piloti svakodnevno pokazuju svoje znanje, vještine i hrabrost dok čuvaju Hrvatsku od požara (24 July 2026)Two DHC-515 ordered through rescEU, due 2029 and 2030; 45 fires fought in the main 2026 season to date.
- MORH: Hrvatski protupožarni avion Canadair CL-415 treći put upućen u pomoć Republici Albaniji (8 August 2025)Third CL-415 deployment to Albania in the 2025 season.
- MORH: Moderan i moćan besposadni sustav Bayraktar dolazi u Hrvatsku vojsku (21 November 2024)Six armed TB2 with ground stations and simulator for EUR 67.01 million excluding VAT.
- MORH: Hrvatsko Ratno zrakoplovstvo ojačano novom modernom sposobnosti – besposadnim zrakoplovnim sustavom Bayraktar (2025 年 9 月 2 日)TB2はプレソで第125飛行隊とともに展示され、乗員は2025年4月から8月にかけてトルコで訓練を受けた。.
- MORH: Pokazana spremnost HRZ-a – bojna gađanja Rafalea, Bayraktara i helikoptera Kiowa Warrior (14 May 2026)Slunj range: first TB2 laser-guided bomb; Kiowa Hydra rockets; 393rd squadron, 93rd Wing.
- MORH: Obilježena četvrta obljetnica pogibije pripadnika 393. eskadrile helikoptera HRZ-a (27 January 2024)Kiowa Warrior crash in the Zlarin channel on 27 January 2020: Maj. Marin Klarin and 1st Lt. Tomislav Baturina killed.
- MORH: Ministar Anušić pripadnicima Krila Oluje (5 April 2025)Display team founded 2005, PC-9M, 261 displays including 68 abroad in 15 countries.
- MORH: Šezdeset tisuća sati naleta na avionima Pilatus PC-9M (11 July 2019)PC-9M in service since 1996; 17 with the 93rd Air Base; 60,000 hours; 38 Omani pilots trained; five Zlin 242L.
- MORH: Održana prezentacija remontiranih helikoptera Mi-171Sh na Plesu (2019 年 9 月 23 日)10機のMi-171Shは、2017年の契約に基づき、ロシアン・ヘリコプターズ社とZTC社が2億690万クロアチア・クーナでオーバーホールを実施。うち2機は2019年8月からKFOR（コソボ平和維持部隊）に納入された。.
- MORH: Obilježena 10. obljetnica sudjelovanja helikopterskih posada u operaciji KFOR (2019 年 7 月 3 日)2009年7月2日からKFORに派遣されているクロアチアのMi-171Shヘリコプターの乗員。.
- MORH: Završena preduputna obuka 15. HRVCON KFOR i 10. Mi-17 AAT ISAF (2014 年 2 月 4 日)第10Mi-17航空アドバイザリーチームは、アフガニスタン空軍の乗組員を指導する準備を整えた。.
- MORH: Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo (topic page)Official spelling of the service name; helicopter bases at Lučko and Divulje.
- MORH: Ministar Anušić susreo se s pilotima iz prošlogodišnje nesreće pada MiG-a 21 (28 December 2023)Names the crew of the December 2022 crash: Col. Zvonimir Milatović and Maj. Ivan Lukan; no cause published.
- クロアチア管制：eAIPクロアチア共和国（ポータルページ、AIRAC AIP AMDT 006/2025、2025年7月10日）AIP自体はAIMポータル（aim.crocontrol.hr）への登録後にのみ利用可能であり、取得することはできません。AIPデータは一切使用されません。.
- MORH: Hrvatsko nebo od danas čuvaju hrvatski Rafali (2024 年 4 月 25 日)最初の6機のラファール（単座型4機、複座型2機）がボルドーからプレソへ。第191飛行隊、第91航空団所属。計画では12機。.
- MORH: Obilježena 29. obljetnica osnutka 191. eskadrile lovačkih aviona (2021 年 1 月 18 日)第 1 戦闘飛行隊は 1992 年 1 月 17 日に編成されました。臨時戦隊は1991年11月6日。 2019年末に191stに名前変更されました。プレソのプコヴニク・マルコ・ジヴコヴィッチ兵舎。.
- MORH: Obilježena 33. obljetnica ustrojavanja 191. eskadrile lovačkih aviona 91. krila HRZ-a (2025 年 1 月 21 日)MiG-21からラファールへの移行は、同飛行隊にとって最大の変革だったと評されている。.
- MORH: Obilježena 33. obljetnica 91. krila HRZ-a (2024 年 12 月)ヴェリカ・ゴリツァのプコヴニク・マルコ・ジヴコヴィッチ兵舎での式典。.
- MORH: Anušić povodom 33. obljetnice HRZ-a (2024 年 12 月 12 日)ラファール戦闘機12機（2025年4月までに全機配備）、ブラックホークヘリコプター4機（2028年までにさらに8機追加配備）、オシエク航空小隊を空軍の中核とする。.
- MORH: Pokazana spremnost HRZ-a – uspješno provedena bojna gađanja Rafalea、Bayraktara i helikoptera Kiowa Warrior (2026 年 5 月 14 日)オイゲン・クヴァテルニク射撃場における第191、第125、第393飛行隊による初のMAM-L投下。.
- MORH：プロヴェデナ・ガジャンジャ・イ・ラケティランジャ・ヘリコプテリマ・カイオワ・ウォリアーOH-58D（2021年8月26日）第393ヘリコプター飛行隊、第93航空団、プコヴニク・ミルコ・ヴクシッチ兵舎、ゼムニク。.
- MORH: Hrvatski nebeski vatrogasci (2025 年 8 月 27 日)第855消防飛行隊、第93航空団：CL-415型機6機、AT-802型機6機を保有。10カ国で約800時間の海外飛行経験。.
- MORH: Francuski veleposlanik posjetio 855. protupožarnu eskadrilu u Zemuniku (2026 年 8 月 18 日)2機のCL-415がフランスに配備、2026年7月24日～8月2日。第93航空団司令官、トミスラフ・ヴァツェノフスキ准将。.
- MORH: Na selekcijskom letenju u Zemuniku najveći broj kandidata u zadnjih 26 godina (2026 年 7 月 17 日)ズリン242Lに搭乗する24名の候補生。ルドルフ・ペレシン訓練センター、第392飛行隊。.
- MORH: トリデセット・チェティリ・ゴディン・ウスピエシュノグ・ラーダ 392. エスカドリーレ・アヴィオナ i 395. エスカドリーレ輸送ヘリコプテラ 93. クリラ (2025 年 11 月 7 日)どちらも 1991 年 11 月 6 日に設立されました。ゼムニクで392番目、ディヴリェ（クネズ・トルピミール兵舎）で395番目。.
- MORH: Spektakl na nebu: 「Krila Oluje」predstavila プログラム nastupa za sezonu 2025。 (2025 年 5 月 9 日)PC-9M型機6機。2005年8月5日にゼムニク兵舎で一般公開された。.
- MORH: ダン・オトヴォレニ・ヴラタ・ウ・ヴォヤルニ・ゼムニク (2014 年 3 月 22 日)第93空軍基地創設22周年記念式典。ズリン242L、PC-9M、ベル206B、Mi-8MTV、CL-415が展示され、約3,000人が来場した。.
- MORH: General Lovrić posjetio ETH u Divuljama i Obalnu stražu (31 December 2013)Transport Helicopter Squadron of the 93rd Air Base at the Knez Trpimir barracks; Mi-8MTV; 486 patients in 2013.
- MORH: Krstičević obišao Operativno vatrogasno zapovjedništvo Divulje (19 July 2019)2019 season to date: 339 flights, about 1,680 tonnes of water; Orbiter III drone and Mi-171Sh.
- MORH: HRZ u noćnoj akciji sigurno prevezao ozlijeđenu osobu iz Dubrovnika u Zagreb (16 August 2025)Mi-171Sh of the 395th Squadron from Divulje; UH-60M of the 194th Squadron from Lučko.
- MORH: Hrvatsko ratno zrakoplovstvo (Banovina earthquake relief)Four helicopters on the first day; helicopters based at Lučko and Divulje.
- MORH: Obilježena je 32. obljetnica 194. eskadrile višenamjenskih helikoptera 91. krila HRZ-a (23 September 2023)Formed 23 September 1991 as the 28th Transport Helicopter Squadron; over 3,000 people rescued in 7 years; standby crew at Rijeka airport.
- MORH: Obilježena 35. obljetnica osnutka 194. eskadrile višenamjenskih helikoptera (2026 年 9 月 23 日)Lučko barracks; first aircraft the Mi-8 “stara frajla”, hit near Petrinja on 23 September 1991; Mi-171Sh.
- MORH: Održana promocija knjige “Prelet za Hrvatsku” (11 February 2020)Danijel Borović flew a MiG-21 from the JNA base at Željava to the 92nd Air Base, Pula, on 4 February 1992.
- MORH: U Puli svečano otvorena vojarna Hrvatski branitelji Istre (15 November 2019)Barracks on the former air base; Centre for Unmanned Aerial Systems; about 140 personnel; Borović memorial.
- MORH: HRZ oduševio građane atraktivnim letačkim Programom iznad Pule (2024 年 3 月 23 日)プーラ空港の一般公開日に、MiG-21戦闘機2機、クリラ・オルジェ、カイオワ・ウォリアー、ブラックホーク、Mi-171Shが展示され、5,000人以上が訪れた。.
- MORH: Avioni i helikopteri HRZ-a na Danu otvorenih vrata Zračne luke Pula (21 March 2025)Search-result summary only: Rafale, Pilatus, Canadair, Air Tractor, Black Hawk and Kiowa Warrior announced.
- MORH: 17 savezničkih helikoptera doletjelo u vojarnu Udbina (17 May 2019)12 UH-60 and 5 CH-47 from Aviano at the Josip Jović barracks; air assault to the Eugen Kvaternik range.
- MORH: Scenarij vježbe IR 19 (May 2019)Parachute insertion and seizure of the airfield at the Josip Jović barracks, Udbina.
- MORH: U Sinju odana počast poginulim pilotima i padobrancima (26 January 2019)Aviation group founded at Sinj on 17 October 1990; Independent Air Platoon 1 June 1991–7 February 1992; An-2 crash at Šimci.
- MORH: Obilježavanje 29. obljetnice Samostalnog zrakoplovnog voda Osijek (2020 年 10 月 5 日)小隊は 1991 年 10 月 15 日に正式に設立されました。メンバーにはマルコ・ジヴコヴィッチとミルコ・ヴクシッチがいる。戦闘飛行は29回。.
- US National Photographic Interpretation Center: underground airfield report, Bihac (1968), National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book 439Declassified. 44-50N 015-47E, 4.5 NM WNW of Bihac; two NW/SE runways; four cave entrances; construction probably since 1959.
- Atlas Obscura: Željava AirbaseBorder through the site; built 1957–1965; charges set off 1991, 56 tonnes more 1992; mines, police patrols. Secondary source.
- MORH：クロアチアのラファール戦闘機とアメリカのF-16戦闘機が共に飛行訓練を実施（2025年3月14日）2025年3月12日～13日に、アヴィアーノ基地所属の米第31戦闘航空団のF-16戦闘機との合同飛行訓練を、マルコ・ジヴコヴィッチ大佐の兵舎で実施する。.
- MORH：Obilježena 30. obljetnica 393. eskadrile helikoptera 93. krila HRZ-a (2026年3月10日)2026 年 3 月 6 日にツェムニクで 30 周年を迎えました。司令官クレシミール・レティカ大佐。.
- MORH（英語）：カイオワヘリコプターが試験飛行を実施（2017年4月25日）2017年4月11日、ゼムニクで16機のOH-58Dの試験飛行が行われた。クレシミル・ラジョフ中佐のコメント。.
- MORH: Obilježena 32. obljetnica 855. protupožarne eskadrile 93. krila HRZ-a (2026 年 4 月 10 日)ゼムニク・ドンジ創立32周年。指揮官ミラン・ドーセン大佐。.
- MORH（英語）：多国籍特殊航空訓練センター（MSAP TC）がゼムニクに正式に開設されました（2019年12月12日）2019年12月11日開設。クロアチア、ブルガリア、スロベニア、ハンガリー。ダミル・クルスティチェヴィッチ大臣の発言。.
- MORH（英語）：ゼムニクでクロアチア空軍および訓練センターの日が祝われる（2019年12月10日）ルドルフ・ペレシントレーニングセンター設立27周年。司令官ゴラン・フルジェフ大佐。第93航空団司令官ジェリコ・ニニッチ大佐。.
- MORH: Počelo obilježavanje Dana 93. zrakoplovne baze (2018 年 3 月 19 日)26周年記念。独立航空小隊オシエクの共同創設者であり副司令官であったミルコ・ヴクシッチは、1991年12月2日、ヴィンコヴツィ近郊のオトク上空で搭乗していたAn-2が撃墜され死亡した。マリオ・プレシャ大佐の言葉。.
- MORH: 愛国者とゼムニクのアメリカの活動 (2021 年 5 月 19 日)米国第10軍防空ミサイル防衛司令部による演習「アストラル・ナイト21」（2021年5月13日～22日）。クロアチアにおける初のパトリオットミサイル配備。.
- OurAirports空港データベース（パブリックドメイン）
数値は2026年9月29日に検証済みです。戦闘序列ページは単一のデータセットから再生成されています。ここに記載されている数値が「獣の書」ページの数値と異なる場合は、こちらのページの方が新しい情報です。.
Photographs: Photo: MORH/ F. Klen / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) · Photo (Ukrainian TB2 shown): Ministry of Defence of Ukraine / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) · Photo: MORH F. Klen / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) · Photo: Culo-sija / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) · Photo: Ivekbeg5 / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Acroterion / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: André Gerwing / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Goran Novačić / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) · Photo: Rob Schleiffert from Holland / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Dtom / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) · Photo: MyName (Dtom) / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) · Photo: U.S. Army Air Forces photo 342-FH-3A23118-58426AC / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: SA-kuva is a photograph archive site storing solely photographs from the 20th-ce / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo (Italian Macchi C.202 shown): Cliff / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) · Royal Air Force Blenheim. Roland Turner from Birmingham, Great Britain / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)