Força Aérea Líbia
The Libyan Air Force was founded by royal decree in September 1962, grew under Muammar Gaddafi into one of Africa’s largest air arms on paper — hundreds of Mirages, MiGs, Sukhois and Tu-22 bombers — lost aircraft in Chad, over the Gulf of Sidra and to NATO in 2011, and since 2014 has been split between the Tripoli government and Khalifa Haftar’s Libyan National Army, each leaning on foreign aircraft, drones and pilots.
The Libyan Air Force story: a royal decree in 1962, Gaddafi’s Mirages and MiGs, and two rival air arms since 2014
1962–1969: a royal air force of transports and trainers
Libya’s air force was created by decree on 13 September 1962, under King Idris, as the Royal Libyan Air Force (السلاح الجوي الملكي الليبي). Arabic Wikipedia credits the defence minister Younis Abd al-Nabi Belkheir with the decree and names Major al-Hadi Salem al-Husumi, described as the first Libyan pilot, as its first commander. It began with a handful of Douglas C-47 transports and Lockheed T-33 trainers. In May 1967 the kingdom agreed with the United States on ten Northrop F-5s, but the monarchy did not outlast the decade: Gaddafi’s officers took power on 1 September 1969. When the Americans left Wheelus Air Base near Tripoli in 1970, it became a Libyan base and was renamed Okba Ben Nafi — today’s Mitiga. The service was renamed the Libyan Arab Air Force.
1969–1986: Gaddafi buys an air force
Oil money then bought aircraft faster than Libya could train people to fly them. Late in 1969 Libya ordered 110 Mirage 5s from France — 53 fighter-bombers, 32 interceptors, ten reconnaissance aircraft and 15 two-seaters — and sent its first pilots to France in 1970, with French and Pakistani instructors at Mitiga and Tobruk. Mirage F1s were ordered in 1975, followed by the Soviet Union’s catalogue: MiG-21s, MiG-23s, Su-22s, somewhere between 60 and 96 MiG-25s depending on the source, 14 Tu-22 bombers and, in 1989, six Su-24s. Italy supplied 240 SF.260 trainers and 20 CH-47 Chinooks, Yugoslavia 50 G-2 Galebs. The weakness was everything behind the aircraft: Wikipedia’s account of the 1987 Chad campaign notes that Gaddafi’s fear of a coup kept the military unprofessional, and by 2008 only a few of the MiG-25s were serviceable.
Chad and the Gulf of Sidra: the air force in combat
The aircraft did see combat. Twenty-one Libyan Mirage 5s were lent to Egypt in 1973, flown by Egyptian pilots and returned in 1974; in the brief 1977 border war with Egypt, Egypt claimed three or four Libyan Mirages shot down. In Chad, Libyan Tu-22s bombed N’Djamena from 1980; on 17 February 1986 a single Tu-22 cratered its runway, and on 7 September 1987 another was shot down by a French Hawk battery. The Chadian offensive of 1987 overran Ouadi Doum, where Wikipedia lists 11 L-39s, two Tu-22s and three Mi-25s among the aircraft destroyed or captured, and Chad claimed about 32 aircraft at Maaten al-Sarra. Against the United States Libya lost two Su-22s on 19 August 1981 and two MiG-23s on 4 January 1989 to Navy F-14s, and aircraft on the ground at Benina and Tripoli in the US raid of 15 April 1986.
2011: defection, revolt and NATO’s no-fly zone
In February 2011 the revolt split the air force. On 21 February two colonels flew their Mirage F1s, serials 502 and 508, to Malta and said they had been ordered to bomb protesters in Benghazi; two days later a Su-22 crew ejected rather than bomb the city. Rebels who took Benina flew 38 combat sorties in March, per Wikipedia, losing two jets and a helicopter. On 17 March the UN Security Council passed resolution 1973, authorising a no-fly zone. France, the United States and Britain struck from 19 March and NATO took command on 31 March; its Operation Unified Protector flew more than 26,000 sorties in 222 days. On 23 March a British air vice-marshal told the BBC that the Libyan air force no longer existed as a fighting force. The Malta Mirages flew home on 21 February 2012.
2014–2020: two air forces and a drone war
Rebuilding stalled when the state did. In May 2014 Khalifa Haftar launched Operation Dignity in the east, and the surviving aircraft divided between his forces — later the Libyan National Army (LNA), which HRW calls the Libyan Arab Armed Forces — and the authorities in Tripoli and Misrata. Both sides flew old MiG-21s, MiG-23s, Mirage F1s and L-39s, and both lost them: the LNA reported shooting down a Tripoli L-39 on 10 April 2019 and a Mirage F1 on 7 May 2019 during its offensive on Tripoli. The decisive aircraft, however, were foreign. HRW reported that the UAE supplied the LNA with armed drones and Turkey supplied Tripoli’s government; the UN envoy called Libya possibly the largest drone war theatre in the world. In May 2020 US Africa Command said Russia had sent at least 14 MiG-29s and several Su-24s to Al Jufra.
2021–2026: ceasefire, rival patrons and a Pakistani deal
The ceasefire of 23 October 2020 ended the Tripoli war but did not reunite the air force. Elections planned for 2021 were postponed indefinitely, and each camp kept its own aircraft and patrons: Turkey in the west, and in the east Russia, which according to Reuters began flying cargo to Libya as it pulled back from Syria in December 2024. Tripoli’s government used drones against what it called smuggling gangs at Zawiya in May 2023. In December 2025 Reuters, citing Pakistani officials, reported a deal worth more than 4 billion dollars for 16 JF-17 fighters and 12 Super Mushshak trainers for the LNA, which Libyan authorities had not confirmed in full. What Libya has in 2026 is not one air force but two, both small, both dependent on outsiders, and neither publicly counted by its own government.
The Libyan Air Force in numbers
Serviço
- Nome nativo
- القوات الجوية الليبيةAl-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Libiya, as used by English and Arabic Wikipedia. Neither government publishes an official air force website that could be checked. The 1962 name was السلاح الجوي الملكي الليبي (Royal Libyan Air Force)
- Fundada
- 13 September 1962By royal decree under King Idris as the Royal Libyan Air Force. English Wikipedia gives September 1962 without a day
- Parte de
- Divided since 2014Air units loyal to the Tripoli-based government (the Government of National Accord, then from 2021 the Government of National Unity) and the air arm of Khalifa Haftar’s Libyan National Army in the east and south
- Sede
- Tripoli and BenghaziWikipedia gives Tripoli for the Tripoli-backed force and Tobruk for the House of Representatives-backed force; the LNA’s air arm is centred on Benina, Benghazi
- Comandante
- No single commanderSaqr Geroushi led the LNA air arm from 2015 to at least 2020 and became LNA Inspector General in 2021; current air chiefs on both sides not confirmed
- Names used
- Royal Libyan Air Force; Libyan Arab Air Force; Libyan Arab Air ForcesRenamed after the 1969 revolution; Arabic Wikipedia records a later merger with air defence
Força
- Pessoal
- 18,000–23,000 before 2011Wikipedia gives about 18,000 and 374 aircraft at 13 bases in 2010; Arabic Wikipedia gives about 23,000 including the air defence command. No current figure is published by either side
- Aeronaves de combate
-
- Tripoli government — a few MiG-23BN, Mirage F1 and Su-24MK
- LNA — about 10 MiG-21MF, 2–3 MiG-23, 2 Mirage F1, 1 Su-22UM3
- Russian-operated at LNA bases — MiG-29 and Su-24 (at least 14 MiG-29s per AFRICOM in 2020)
Figures are from the IISS Military Balance 2025 as reproduced by Wikipedia; they are small and uncertain. AFRICOM said in 2020 that Russian MiG-29s and Su-24s at Al Jufra were flown by private military contractors, not by Libyans
- Trainers and light attack
-
- L-39 Albatros — about 15 (Tripoli) and 10 (LNA)
- SF.260 — a handful on each side
- TAI Hürkuş — 10–12 for Tripoli
IISS 2025 via Wikipedia; Wikipedia’s Hürkuş article says ten Hürkuş-C are to be delivered
- Helicópteros
-
- Mi-24/35, Mi-8/17 — both sides
- AS332 Super Puma — 3 (LNA)
- SA342 Gazelle — 3 (LNA)
IISS 2025 via Wikipedia; the three Super Pumas came from the UAE firm Lancaster 6 in June 2019
- Drones armados
-
- Bayraktar TB2 and others — Tripoli side, Turkish-supplied
- Wing Loong — LNA side, UAE-supplied per HRW
Who owns and who flies the drones is the most contested question in Libya’s air war. HRW reported UAE drones supporting the LNA and Turkish drones supporting Tripoli; counts are not published by either government
Infraestrutura
- Principais bases aéreas
-
- Mitiga, Tripoli — ex-Wheelus, Tripoli government
- Misrata — Tripoli government
- Al Watiya — taken by Tripoli forces 18 May 2020
- Benina, Benghazi — LNA
- Al Jufra — LNA, Russian aircraft in 2020
Who holds which base has changed repeatedly since 2014; positions as last reported in the sources checked
- Bases before 2011
- 13Wikipedia’s 2010 figure
- Ceasefire
- Since 23 October 2020Signed in Geneva by the 5+5 Joint Military Commission; it required foreign fighters to leave within three months, which did not happen
- Arms embargo
- UN embargo since 2011The Panel of Experts on Libya reports each year; its final report of March 2026 was not yet public when Security Council Report wrote in April 2026
How the Libyan Air Force is organised
Founded by royal decree on 13 September 1962, the Libyan Air Force has been divided since 2014 between air units loyal to the Tripoli-based government, now the Government of National Unity, and the air arm of Khalifa Haftar’s Libyan National Army (LNA) in the east and south. Both fly small numbers of Gaddafi-era survivors — MiG-21s, MiG-23s, Mirage F1s, Su-24s and about 25 L-39s between them, according to the IISS figures reproduced by Wikipedia — and both have relied on foreign-supplied armed drones. The ceasefire of 23 October 2020 has not reunited them, and neither side publishes a fleet list or an order of battle.
Força Aérea Líbia
Created by royal decree on 13 September 1962 as the Royal Libyan Air Force and renamed the Libyan Arab Air Force after 1969. Since 2014 two air arms have used the name: the forces of the Tripoli-based government answer to the Presidential Council, whose chairman Mohamed al-Menfi is listed as supreme commander, and the eastern air arm is part of Khalifa Haftar’s Libyan National Army (LNA), whose deputy commander is Saddam Haftar. Saqr Geroushi led the LNA air arm from 2015 to at least 2020 and became its Inspector General in 2021; who commands either air arm in 2026 was not confirmed.
Air units of the Government of National Unity
A few MiG-23BNs, Mirage F1s and Su-24MKs, about 15 L-39s, three G-2 Galebs and Mi-35 helicopters, according to the IISS Military Balance 2025 as reproduced by Wikipedia; the same table lists 10 to 12 Turkish Hürkuş trainers, whose delivery was not confirmed. Human Rights Watch reported that Turkey supplied the Tripoli side with armed drones; who operates them is not public.
Air arm of the Libyan National Army
About ten MiG-21MFs, two or three MiG-23s, two Mirage F1s, a Su-22UM3, about ten L-39s and about eight SF.260s, by the IISS 2025 figures reproduced by Wikipedia, with three AS332 Super Pumas transferred in June 2019 by the UAE firm Lancaster 6 and three Gazelles. Human Rights Watch reported that the UAE supported the LNA with armed drones. The LNA publishes no unit list.
Mi-24/35 and Mi-8/17 fleets
Both sides fly Gaddafi-era Mi-24/35 attack helicopters and Mi-8/17 transports; counts are not confirmed by either government. A Mi-35 was captured at Al-Watiya on 18 May 2020.
Russian-supplied MiG-29s and Su-24s
US Africa Command said in May and June 2020 that at least 14 MiG-29s and several Su-24s, repainted in Syria, were being flown in Libya in support of Russian private military contractors on the LNA side, and named Al Jufra and the Sirte area. Russia did not confirm the deployment in the sources checked, and these aircraft are not counted as Libyan.
JF-17 and Super Mushshak for the LNA
Reuters reported on 22 December 2025, citing four Pakistani officials, a deal worth more than 4 billion dollars for 16 JF-17 fighters and 12 Super Mushshak trainers for the LNA, to be delivered over about two and a half years. Libyan authorities had not confirmed the full scope, and no delivery had been confirmed.
What the Libyan Air Force flies today
Cada tipo de cobrança, com link para sua página no Livro das Feras, quando houver. Os números indicam as aeronaves registradas, não as aeronaves disponíveis em um determinado dia.
| Tipo | Papel | Em serviço | Desde | Unidades | Notas | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dassault Mirage F1AD/ED/BDEm serviço | Interceptor and multirole fighter | 4 | About two on each side (IISS 2025 via Wikipedia). 16 F1AD, 16 F1ED and 6 F1BD ordered in 1975. IISS Military Balance 2025 as reproduced by Wikipedia; not independently confirmed. | |||
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21bis/MF/UMEm serviço | Lutador | 11 | About 10 MiG-21MF and at least one MiG-21UM with the LNA (IISS 2025 via Wikipedia). 64 MiG-21bis and UM bought under Gaddafi.
MaisIISS Military Balance 2025 as reproduced by Wikipedia; not independently confirmed. |
|||
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23MS/ML/BN/UBEm serviço | Ataque terrestre e de caça | 5 | About two MiG-23BN in Tripoli and two or three MiG-23s with the LNA (IISS 2025 via Wikipedia). Gaddafi bought 54 MiG-23MS/UB and 35 MiG-23BN; ML variants are also recorded.
MaisIISS Military Balance 2025 as reproduced by Wikipedia; not independently confirmed. |
|||
| Sukhoi Su-24MKEm serviço | Aeronave de ataque | 2 | 1989 | About two with the Tripoli side (IISS 2025 via Wikipedia); six delivered in March/April 1989.
MaisRussian Su-24s seen at LNA bases in 2020 were, according to AFRICOM, Russian-operated and are not counted here. |
||
| Sukhoi Su-22M3/UM3Em serviço | Caça-bombardeiro | 1 | One Su-22UM3 with the LNA (IISS 2025 via Wikipedia); 10–12 decommissioned Su-22s were stored at Al Watiya in 2014. | |||
| Aero L-39ZO AlbatrosEm serviço | Jato de treinamento e ataque leve | 25 | About 15 with the Tripoli side and 10 with the LNA (IISS 2025 via Wikipedia). IISS Military Balance 2025 as reproduced by Wikipedia; not independently confirmed. | |||
| Soko G-2 GalebEm serviço | Jato de treinamento e ataque leve | 3 | Three with the Tripoli side (IISS 2025 via Wikipedia); 50 bought from Yugoslavia. | |||
| SIAI-Marchetti SF.260Em serviço | Instrutor básico | 9 | At least one with the Tripoli side and about eight with the LNA (IISS 2025 via Wikipedia); 240 bought from Italy. | |||
| TAI HürkuşEm serviço | Turboprop trainer and light attack | Twelve listed for the Tripoli side in IISS 2025 via Wikipedia; Wikipedia’s Hürkuş article says ten Hürkuş-C are to be delivered. Whether any have been delivered was not confirmed. | ||||
| Mil Mi-24/Mi-35 HindEm serviço | Helicóptero de ataque | Flown by both sides; Wikipedia lists two Mi-35s for Tripoli. | ||||
| Mil Mi-8/Mi-17 HipEm serviço | helicóptero de transporte | Flown by both sides. | ||||
| Eurocopter AS332 Super PumaEm serviço | helicóptero de transporte | 3 | 2019 | Three with the LNA. | ||
| Baykar Bayraktar TB2Em serviço | drone armado | 2019 | Wikipedia’s table lists 30 for the Tripoli side; HRW says only that Turkey reportedly supplied armed drones. Who operates them is not public. | |||
| CAIG Wing Loong / Wing Loong IIEm serviço | drone armado | 2019 | HRW reported that the UAE supported the LNA with armed drones. |
Sob encomenda
| Tipo | Encomendado | Primeira entrega | Notas | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAC/CAC JF-17 ThunderSob encomenda | 16 | For the LNA, reported by Reuters on 22 December 2025 citing four Pakistani officials, part of a deal worth more than 4 billion dollars to be delivered over about two and a half years.
MaisLibyan authorities had not publicly confirmed the full scope; no delivery confirmed. |
||
| PAC Super MushshakSob encomenda | 12 | Trainers in the same reported LNA–Pakistan deal; not confirmed by Libyan authorities. | ||
| TAI Hürkuş-CSob encomenda | 10 | Wikipedia lists ten for the Libyan Air Force, to be delivered, without dates; IISS 2025, as reproduced by Wikipedia, already lists 12 with the Tripoli side. Status unclear. |
Every type the Libyan Air Force has retired
8 types, from the Lockheed T-33 to the Tupolev Tu-22A/B and Tu-22UD. Os números máximos representam as aeronaves incorporadas à frota ao longo de toda a sua vida útil, e não a força total da frota em uma data específica.
| Tipo | Papel | Pico | Servido | Substituído por | Notas | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tupolev Tu-22A/B and Tu-22UD | Bombardeiro | 16 | Su-24 | 14 bombers and two Tu-22UD trainers per the Tu-22 article; Wikipedia’s Libyan Air Force article gives 14. | ||
| Dassault Mirage 5D/DE/DR/DD | Caça-bombardeiro, interceptor e reconhecimento | 110 | 1970– | Mirage F1, MiG-23 | 53 5D, 32 5DE, 10 5DR and 15 5DD ordered late in 1969. | |
| Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25PD/PU/RBK | Interceptação e reconhecimento | 96 | About 96 per the MiG-25 article; Wikipedia’s Libyan Air Force article says some sources give more than 60. By mid-2008 only three PUs and seven RBs were operational. | |||
| Lockheed C-130H Hercules | Transporte tático | 8 | 1971– | Eight delivered in 1971. | ||
| Ilyushin Il-76 | Transporte estratégico | |||||
| Elicottero Meridionali CH-47C Chinook | helicóptero de transporte pesado | 20 | 20 acquired from Italy. | |||
| Lockheed T-33 | Treinador a jato | 1962– | A small number. | |||
| Douglas C-47 | Transporte | 1962– | A small number. |
Where the Libyan Air Force flies from
Os pinos pretos são bases ativas. Control of the bases has changed repeatedly since 2014: Benina at Benghazi is the main base of the LNA, Mitiga in Tripoli is the main airfield of the Tripoli-aligned forces, and Al-Watiya, held by LNA-aligned forces from August 2014, was taken by forces of the Tripoli-based government on 18 May 2020. Ouadi Doum, in northern Chad, was Libya’s main air base in the Chad war until March 1987. Control is given as last reported in the sources checked. Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.
Líbia
One of the 11 bases above sits outside Libya, so the world map has to pull back until the home airfields cannot be told apart. The same pins again, without the overseas base.
| Base | OACI | Status | Pista | Unidades e aeronaves |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Al AbraqJabal al Akhdar District | HLHQ | Ativo | 10/283.600 m03/211,836 m | |
| Al JufraJufra District | HL69 | Ativo |
|
|
| Al-KhadimCyrenaica (eastern Libya) | Ativo | |||
| Al-WatiyaDistrito de Nuqat al Khams | HL77 | Ativo | 10R/28L3.200 m10L/28R3.200 m | |
| BeninaDistrito de Benghazi | HLLB | Ativo | 15R/33L3.600 m15L/33R3.600 m | |
| Gamal Abdel Nasserformer RAF El AdemButnan District | Ativo | |||
| GhardabiyaSirte District | HLGD | Ativo |
|
|
| MisrataMisrata District | HLMS | Ativo | 15/333,400 m | |
| Mitigaformer WheelusTripoli District | HLLM | Ativo | 11/293,376 m03/211.829 m | |
| SabhaSabha District | HLLS | Ativo | 13/313.600 m | |
| Brak al-ShatiWadi al Shatii District | Fechado | |||
| Maaten al-SarraKufra District | Fechado |
Nenhuma base aérea corresponde a essa busca.
Who is stationed where in the Libyan Air Force
Unidades voadoras por base. Neither the Tripoli-based government nor the LNA publishes its current squadrons or their bases, so the only Libyan units listed are historical: No. 1025 Squadron’s MiG-25PDs at Al Jufra in the 1980s and the 1124th Bomber Squadron at Ghardabiya before 2011. The Russian-supplied MiG-29s and Su-24s that US Africa Command reported at Al Jufra in 2020 are not counted as Libyan units.
- No. 1025 Squadron
- MiG-25PD
- 1124th Bomber Squadron
- Su-22
Nenhuma unidade corresponde a essa pesquisa.
Libyan Air Force milestones, 1914 to today
13 September: royal decree creates the Royal Libyan Air Force; Major al-Hadi Salem al-Husumi is its first commander. C-47s and T-33s are the first equipment.
May: the kingdom agrees with the United States on ten F-5s.
1 September: Gaddafi’s officers seize power. Late in the year Libya orders 110 Mirage 5s from France.
The US leaves Wheelus Air Base, which becomes the Libyan Okba Ben Nafi Air Base, today Mitiga. First Libyan pilots train in France.
Egypt flies 21 Libyan Mirage 5s in the October war; they are returned in 1974.
38 Mirage F1s ordered; Soviet MiG-21s, MiG-23s, MiG-25s, Su-22s and Tu-22s follow over the next decade.
29 March: a Libyan Tu-22 bombs Mwanza in support of Libya’s Ugandan allies in the Uganda–Tanzania war.
19 August: two Su-22s are shot down by US Navy F-14s over the Gulf of Sidra.
17 February: a Tu-22 bombs N’Djamena airport. 15 April: US aircraft strike Benina and the Tripoli military airfield in Operation El Dorado Canyon.
March: Chad overruns Ouadi Doum. 5 September: Chad claims about 32 aircraft destroyed at Maaten al-Sarra. 7 September: a Tu-22 is shot down over N’Djamena. 11 September: ceasefire.
4 January: two MiG-23s are shot down by US Navy F-14s off Tobruk. March/April: six Su-24s delivered.
21 February: two Mirage F1s defect to Malta. 17 March: UN resolution 1973 authorises a no-fly zone. 31 March – 31 October: NATO’s Operation Unified Protector.
16 May: Khalifa Haftar launches Operation Dignity; the air force splits between Haftar’s forces and the Tripoli and Misrata authorities. 9 August: pro-LNA forces take Al Watiya.
4 April: the LNA advances on Tripoli. 2 July: an airstrike on the Tajoura migrant detention centre kills at least 44 (HRW) to 53 (Wikipedia).
18 May: Tripoli forces take Al Watiya. 26 May: AFRICOM says Russia has deployed fighter aircraft to Libya. 23 October: permanent ceasefire signed in Geneva.
May: Tripoli’s government carries out drone strikes in and around Zawiya against what it calls smuggling gangs.
December: Reuters reports a Pakistani deal for 16 JF-17s and 12 Super Mushshaks for the LNA; the former Tripoli chief of general staff, Mohamed al-Haddad, is killed in a jet crash after leaving Ankara.
Every war the Libyan Air Force has fought
Missões e perdas onde constam nos registros, e um espaço em branco honesto onde não constam.
- The October War 1973 Lent Mirage 5s to Egypt; they were flown by Egyptian pilots of the 69th Squadron at Tanta
- The Egyptian–Libyan war 1977 Flew Mirage 5s in close air support of Libyan ground forces
- The Uganda–Tanzania war 1979 Sent a Tu-22 to bomb Mwanza in Tanzania in support of its Ugandan allies
- The Chadian–Libyan war 1978–1987 Bombed Chadian and Sudanese targets, supported Libyan garrisons from Ouadi Doum and Faya-Largeau, and flew Tu-22 raids on N’Djamena
- The Gulf of Sidra incident 1981 Intercepted US Navy aircraft over waters Libya claimed as its own
Libyan Air Force news from Afterburner
Everything MiGFlug’s magazine has published on the Libyan Air Force and the aircraft it flies. Esta lista é atualizada automaticamente — novas histórias do Afterburner aparecem aqui.
Everything people ask about the Libyan Air Force
What is the Libyan Air Force called in Arabic?
Does Libya have one air force or two?
What aircraft does the Libyan Air Force fly in 2026?
When was the Libyan Air Force founded?
How big was Gaddafi’s air force?
What happened to the Libyan Air Force in 2011?
Did Russia send fighter jets to Libya?
Who used drones in the Libyan war?
What was the Battle of Ouadi Doum?
Is the LNA buying JF-17s from Pakistan?
Read the aircraft the Libyan Air Force flew
Cada tipo com uma página no Livro das Feras, primeiro em serviço e depois pelo ano em que deixou a frota.
Todos os fatos foram verificados.
- NATO: NATO and Libya (2011) – Operation Unified Protector31 March – 31 October 2011; over 26,000 sorties, 42 per cent strike sorties, about 6,000 targets; 250-plus aircraft.
- Airwars: All belligerents in Libya (2012–present)551 alleged incidents; 512–747 civilian deaths assessed fair or confirmed.
- Airwars: All belligerents in Libya, 2011216 incidents in 2011; 1,166–2,519 civilian deaths assessed fair or confirmed, all belligerents.
- Human Rights Watch: Relatório Mundial 2015, LíbiaOperação de Haftar em maio de 2014; declaração dos EUA de que os Emirados Árabes Unidos e o Egito atacaram Trípoli em 18 e 23 de agosto de 2014.
- Human Rights Watch: World Report 2020, LibyaTajoura strike of July 2019 (at least 44 killed), Murzuq strikes of 4 August 2019, Mitiga strikes, drone supply by the UAE and Turkey.
- Human Rights Watch: World Report 2021, Libya2020: UN civilian casualty count, January 2020 cadet strike, US accusation over Russian jets and Wagner, Geneva ceasefire.
- Human Rights Watch: World Report 2026, LibyaMay 2025 Tripoli fighting; June 2025 fighting in the Libya–Sudan–Egypt tri-border area.
- The Aviationist: Two Libyan Mirages defect to Malta (22 February 2011)Two Mirage F1s, serials 502 and 508, landed in Malta on 21 February 2011; pilots said they had been ordered to bomb protesters.
- The Aviationist: AFRICOM confirms Russia deployed military fighter aircraft to Libya (26 May 2020)AFRICOM statement and General Stephen Townsend’s quote.
- The Aviationist: AFRICOM releases new evidence of Russian aircraft active in Libyan airspace (18 June 2020)At least 14 MiG-29s and several Su-24s at Al Jufra, per AFRICOM.
- The Aviationist: The claim that Russia moved six MiG-29s and two Su-24s to Libya (21 May 2020)GNA interior minister Fathi Bashagha’s claim; LNA air chief Saqr al-Jaroushi’s statement of 21 May 2020.
- The Aviationist: Russian forces leave bases in Syria eyeing expansion in Libya (14 December 2024)Maxar imagery of An-124s at Hmeimim; Reuters report of a Russian cargo flight to Libya on 14 December 2024.
- Libya Observer: Aeronave transportando oficiais dos Emirados Árabes Unidos e equipamento militar pousa no Aeroporto de Benina (13 de abril de 2019)Segundo fontes militares não identificadas e rastreadores de voo, duas aeronaves de carga partiram de Abu Dhabi.
- Libya Review: Libya and Pakistan reach $4 billion weapons agreement (22 December 2025)Reuters, citing four Pakistani officials: 16 JF-17s and 12 Super Mushshaks for the LNA; not publicly confirmed in full by Libyan authorities.
- Libya Review: No sign of sabotage in deadly crash of Libyan military chief, Turkey says (11 April 2026)December 2025 crash after leaving Ankara that killed Mohamed al-Haddad.
- Libya Review: Libya confirms year-long investigation into fatal military aircraft crash (1 January 2026)Libyan–Turkish investigation expected to take at least a year; UK to read the flight recorder.
- Libya Review: Presidential Council says Turkey participated in Al-Zawiya drone strike (28 May 2023)Statement by Presidential Council deputy head Abdullah al-Lafi.
- Libya Review: New drone strikes reported in west Libya (27 May 2023)GNU spokesman: strikes ordered by Dbeibah against smugglers and gangs on the west coast.
- Security Council Report: Libya, monthly forecast (2025)Tripoli clashes from 12 May 2025 after the killing of Abdel Ghani al-Kikli; GNU ceasefire of 14 May; resolution 2780.
- Security Council Report: Libya, April 2026 monthly forecastPanel of Experts final report submitted by 15 March 2026 under resolution 2769, unpublished at the time of writing.
- Security Council Report: Libya, August 2026 monthly forecastPolitical deadlock since the postponed 2021 elections; Saddam Haftar, deputy commander of the LNA, met US Secretary of State Rubio on 29 June 2026.
- O Governo de União Nacional da Líbia recaptura a base aérea estratégica de al-Watiya (Al Jazeera, 18 de maio de 2020)Captura da base; a cerca de 25 km da fronteira com a Tunísia.
- As forças do Governo de União Nacional (GNA) da Líbia assumem o controle total da estratégica base aérea de Al-Watiya (Libyan Express, 18 de maio de 2020).Declarações do porta-voz do GNA, Mustafa al-Majaei; Pantsir capturado.
- Aviões do governo líbio, apoiados pela ONU, atacam base aérea de Haftar (Agência Anadolu, 8 de abril de 2019)Ataque do GNA contra Al-Watiya; Agência de notícias estatal turca.
- Exército líbio realiza 24 operações aéreas na base aérea de al-Watiya (Agência Anadolu, 6 de maio de 2020)Número de 24 operações aéreas divulgado pelo porta-voz do GNA; agência de notícias estatal turca.
- Novos Mirage F1 e Su-22 na frota da Força Aérea Líbia (Arnaud Delalande, AeroHisto, 3 de dezembro de 2015)Mirage F1AD 402 e Su-22UM3K reconstruídos em Al-Watiya; com base em fotografias.
- Líbia: Turquia promete 'retaliação' pelo ataque às suas posições na base aérea de al-Watiya (Middle East Eye, 6 de julho de 2020)Autoridades turcas não identificadas; sistemas Hawk atingidos; sem vítimas.
- Aviões bombardeiam a base aérea de Watiya, controlada pelo Governo de União Nacional (GNA) da Líbia, onde a Turquia poderá construir uma base: fontes (Al Arabiya, 5 de julho de 2020)Fonte do LNA: “aeronave desconhecida”; relatos de negociações sobre bases turcas; visita a Akar.
- Os Estados Unidos contrabandearam um sistema de defesa aérea Pantsir de fabricação russa para fora da Líbia: Relatório (Joseph Trevithick, The War Zone, 27 de janeiro de 2021)Revezamentos do The Times: C-17 de Zuwara para Ramstein, junho de 2020.
- O único aeroporto em funcionamento de Trípoli foi atingido por um ataque aéreo em meio a confrontos violentos (Al Jazeera, 8 de abril de 2019)Ataque do LNA em Mitiga; Declaração do enviado da ONU Ghassan Salamé.
- Human Rights Watch, World Report 2018: LibyaBrak al-Shati attack, 18 May 2017, up to 51 executed.
Dados verificados em 01/10/2026. As páginas da Ordem de Batalha são geradas a partir de um único conjunto de dados; se algum número aqui divergir de uma página do Livro das Feras, esta página será considerada a mais recente.
Photographs: Photo: Landolso / Wikimedia Commons (CC0) · Photo: SDASM Archives / Wikimedia Commons (No restrictions) · Photo: Ank Kumar / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Sir James / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) · Photo: Filip.vidinovski / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: SGT. Kimberly Yearyean / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: Ank kumar / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Bayhaluk / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Mztourist / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Alan Wilson / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Piergiuliano Chesi / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) · Photo: Elena Baladelli (according to Exif data) / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: Greg Goebel / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)