Turkse luchtmacht
The Turkish Air Force (Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı) traces itself to the Ottoman aviation commission of 1911, flew in the Balkan Wars and at Gallipoli, became a separate service in 1944 and grew into one of NATO’s largest F-16 air forces — and in 2026, shut out of the F-35 since the S-400 purchase of 2019, it is waiting on 40 paid-for F-16 Block 70s, building Eurofighter Typhoons with Britain, and betting its future on the home-built KAAN, Hürjet and a fleet of armed drones.
The Turkish Air Force story: Ottoman pioneers, NATO’s Thunderjets and life after the F-35
1911–1922: Blériot pupils, the Balkan Wars and Gallipoli
Turkish military flying began in the last years of the Ottoman Empire. The service dates itself to 1 June 1911; English Wikipedia’s history of the Ottoman air arm places the Aircraft Commission (Tayyare Komisyonu) in late 1911. Two officers, Mehmet Fesa and Yusuf Kenan, qualified at the Blériot school in France on 21 February 1912, and a flying school opened at Yeşilköy outside Istanbul on 3 July 1912. In the Balkan Wars about seventeen aircraft flew reconnaissance, with heavy early losses from inexperience. In 1914 Fethi, Sadık and Nuri Bey were killed on an attempted Istanbul–Egypt flight and became the service’s first remembered martyrs. With German aircraft, crews and instructors the Ottoman squadrons flew over Gallipoli, the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and Palestine, peaking at about 90 aircraft in December 1916. The armistice of 30 October 1918 ended them; a handful of pilots then flew worn-out aircraft from Konya for the nationalists, and the Ankara assembly created an air branch on 23 April 1920.
1923–1945: a republican air force, Sabiha Gökçen and armed neutrality
The Republic rebuilt military flying from almost nothing. The flying school reopened at Eskişehir in 1925, and the same year aircraft were used against the Sheikh Said rebellion. Pilots trained in Britain, France, the United States and Italy; the Air War College followed in 1937. The Turkish Aeronautical Association’s school at Türkkuşu trained Sabiha Gökçen, who went on to military training at Eskişehir and in 1937 flew in the operations in Dersim — a campaign in which large numbers of civilians were killed, and for which Prime Minister Erdoğan apologised on behalf of the state in 2011. Guinness lists her as the first female fighter pilot, though women in France and Russia had flown in the First World War. By 1940 Turkey had over 500 combat aircraft, then the largest air arm in the Balkans and Middle East. Neutral until February 1945, it flew daily reconnaissance along its frontiers and bought whatever both sides would sell, from Spitfires to Fw 190s. The Air Force Command became a separate service on 31 January 1944.
1950–1974: NATO money, 479 Thunderjets and Cyprus
Jets and NATO arrived together. Eight pilots trained in the United States graduated in 1951, the 9th Fighter Wing formed at Balıkesir, and Turkey joined NATO in 1952. American aid delivered on a scale no other ally matched: 479 F-84G Thunderjets from 1952, 107 ex-Canadian Sabres from 1954, 206 F-100 Super Sabres, about 50 F-102s from 1968 and F-104 Starfighters. The air force sent no unit to Korea; its one pilot there, Muzaffer Erdönmez, flew a US B-26 and was killed. Incirlik opened for the US Air Force in 1955. In July 1974 the air force flew close support and interdiction over Cyprus, losing about ten aircraft by one compiled count. Its worst day was 21 July 1974, when F-104s and F-100s sank the Turkish destroyer Kocatepe in error, killing 54 of her crew. The US arms embargo that followed shut every American base except Incirlik and İzmir until September 1978.
1974–2011: Phantoms, F-16s, the Aegean and the war with the PKK
The Cyprus war produced the modern air force. The first 40 F-4E Phantoms arrived from June 1974; 236 F-4Es and RF-4Es were bought in all, and 54 F-4Es were rebuilt by Israel Aircraft Industries as the F-4E 2020 Terminator from 2000. The F-16 order of 1983 gave Turkey 270 F-16C/Ds, most assembled by TAI. Since 1974 Turkish and Greek fighters have met over the Aegean in a dispute over airspace width and flight plans that each government describes in opposite terms; a Turkish F-16D and its pilot were lost near Chios in 1996, and a Greek pilot was killed in a collision in 2006. From 1994 at the latest the air force bombed PKK camps in northern Iraq. The war with the PKK, about 40,000 dead on all sides from 1978 to 2025, was also its worst stain: at Roboski on 28 December 2011 two F-16s killed 34 villagers, mostly young smugglers, whom the air force said it had mistaken for militants; no one was prosecuted. Abroad, Turkish F-16s flew over Bosnia and Kosovo, and from 2001 Konya’s Anatolian Eagle made Turkey a host of large air exercises.
2012–2020: Syria, the Su-24 and the night of 15 July
Syria brought the first air-to-air shootdowns since 1974. On 22 June 2012 Syria shot down an RF-4E off its coast, killing Flight Lieutenant Gökhan Ertan and Flying Officer Hasan Hüseyin Aksoy; Ankara said the jet was in international airspace, Damascus that it had violated Syrian airspace. A Turkish F-16 downed a Syrian MiG-23 in March 2014. On 24 November 2015 an F-16 shot down a Russian Su-24 that Turkey said had crossed its border for 17 seconds after ten warnings; Russia said it never left Syrian airspace. The pilot, Lieutenant Colonel Oleg Peshkov, was killed by ground fire from Syrian rebels as he parachuted down. Eight months later the air force was at the centre of the coup attempt of 15 July 2016: plotters flew F-16s from Akıncı, refuelled by tankers from Incirlik, bombed parliament and held the Chief of the General Staff at the base. The government blamed the Gülen movement, which denied it. Akıncı was closed and renamed Mürted, and the purge that followed cost the service many of its pilots. In March 2020, over Idlib, Turkish F-16s shot down two Syrian Su-24s and an L-39, and drones did much of the fighting.
2019–2026: S-400, no F-35, and a home-grown way out
The S-400 decision redrew the air force’s future. Turkey planned 100 F-35As and had six built by 2019, but Russia delivered the S-400 on 12 July 2019, the United States removed Turkey from the programme on 17 July, and CAATSA sanctions followed on 14 December 2020; the six jets are stored in the United States. A request for 40 new F-16 Block 70s and 79 upgrade kits was cut in November 2024 to the 40 jets alone, about $7 billion, and in September 2026 Ankara said it had paid but was still waiting. On 27 October 2025 Turkey signed for 20 new Eurofighter Typhoons from Britain for delivery in 2030–2032, with used jets from Qatar and Oman sought to bridge the gap; none had arrived by August 2026. The home industry is the other answer: the KAAN fighter first flew on 21 February 2024, the first production Hürjet trainer on 30 August 2026, and Anka and Akıncı drones fly with the air force. The 2026 budget raised defence and security spending by about a third. The weakness is time: an F-16 fleet from 1987–2012 and old Phantoms must hold the line until 2030.
The Turkish Air Force in numbers
Dienst
- Inheemse naam
- Hava Kuvvetleri KomutanlığıAir Force Command, the name on the service’s own site (hvkk.tsk.tr) and in government announcements; Türk Hava Kuvvetleri (Turkish Air Forces) is the common name. Turkish is Turkey’s only official language
- Opgericht
- 1 June 1911The date the service uses, for the Ottoman aviation commission; Wikipedia’s Ottoman history places the commission in late 1911. The Ankara assembly created an air branch on 23 April 1920, and the Air Force Command became a separate service on 31 January 1944
- Onderdeel van
- Turkish Armed ForcesOne of the services under the Ministry of National Defence; the minister is Yaşar Güler
- Hoofdkwartier
- Çankaya, AnkaraCombatant units report to the Combat Air Force and Air Defence commands at Eskişehir, which replaced the 1st and 2nd Tactical Air Forces in 2014
- Commandant
- Gen. Rafet DalkıranAppointed by the Supreme Military Council on 4 August 2026, effective 30 August 2026; previously commander of the Combat Air Force
- Minister van Nationale Defensie
- Yaşar GülerAnnounced the cut in the F-16 deal in November 2024 and the Typhoon delivery schedule in December 2025
Kracht
- Personeel
- About 50,000Wikipedia’s figure for 2024; not confirmed on an official Turkish page or in IISS for this page
- Gevechtsvliegtuigen
-
- F-16C/D Block 30/40/50/50+ — 270 delivered 1987–2012
- F-4E 2020 Terminator — 54 upgraded; number still flying not confirmed
Wikipedia still gives 270 F-16s in service, which does not allow for losses; a confirmed 2026 count was not found. No Eurofighter had arrived by August 2026. Six F-35As built for Turkey have been stored in the United States since its removal from the programme in 2019
- Tanker and early warning
-
- KC-135R Stratotanker — 7
- Boeing 737 AEW&C (E-7T Peace Eagle) — 4
The fourth Peace Eagle was delivered in December 2015
- Vervoer
-
- A400M Atlas — 10
- C-130B/E Hercules — 18 after the loss of 11 November 2025
- CN-235 and C-160 Transall — numbers not confirmed
12 ex-RAF C-130J-30s are to arrive from late 2026 to 2028
- Trainers
-
- T-38M Talon — 68
- KT-1T — 40 (plus 15 announced in 2015)
- NF-5A/B 2000 — 13 (Turkish Stars)
The Hürjet is to replace the T-38M; the first production aircraft flew on 30 August 2026
- Defensiebudget
- 2.15 trillion lira for defence and internal security (2026)Up 33.9 per cent on 1.608 trillion in 2025, per the vice-president; of that, 1.202 trillion is national defence. Defense News gives the Ministry of National Defence $19.08 billion (2.33 per cent of GDP for defence and security). Consumer prices rose 30.38 per cent in 2025, so much of the rise is inflation
Infrastructuur
- Main jet bases
-
- 1st Eskişehir — F-4E 2020, reconnaissance, test
- 2nd İzmir-Çiğli — training
- 3rd Konya — E-7T, weapons school, Turkish Stars, SoloTürk
- 5th Merzifon — F-16
- 6th Bandırma — F-16
- 8th Diyarbakır — F-16
- 9th Balıkesir — F-16
- 10th Incirlik — KC-135R, F-16
- 16th Dalaman
As listed in Wikipedia’s structure section; unit assignments change and were not confirmed on hvkk.tsk.tr, which could not be read. Konya hosts the Anatolian Eagle exercise, first held in June 2001
- Transport and drone bases
-
- 11th Etimesgut (Ankara) — transport and VIP
- 12th Kayseri — transport
- 14th Batman — unmanned aircraft
Wikipedia also lists S-400 and HAWK units under the air force
- Closed air base
- Akıncı (4th Main Jet Base), closed 2016The plotters’ base on 15 July 2016; renamed Mürted on 6 September 2016, its three F-16 squadrons disbanded or moved; now used by TAI
- Allied presence
- Incirlik, shared with the US Air ForceOwned by the Turkish Ministry of National Defence; the USAF 39th Air Base Wing is a tenant beside the 10th Main Jet Base. Open to US operations since 1955
- Toon teams
- 2Turkish Stars (NF-5, since 1992–93) and SoloTürk (F-16C, since 2011), both at Konya
- Museum
- Istanbul Aviation Museum, YeşilköyRun by the air force; opened at its Istanbul site on 16 October 1985 after starting at İzmir in 1971
How the Turkish Air Force is organised
One command in Ankara over the Combat Air Force and Air Missile Defence Command at Eskişehir and a network of numbered main jet bases. F-16s fly from most of the main jet bases and the last Phantoms from Eskişehir; pilot training starts at Çiğli, and Konya is the tactics hub and home of the Anatolian Eagle exercise. Incirlik belongs to Turkey; the US Air Force is a tenant there.
Luchtmachtcommando
Gen. Rafet Dalkıran took command on 30 August 2026, appointed by the Supreme Military Council on 4 August after leading the Combat Air Force. The headquarters is in Çankaya, Ankara; the Minister of National Defence is Yaşar Güler.
Combat Air Force and Air Missile Defence Command
Formed on 5 August 2014 at Eskişehir in place of the 1st and 2nd Tactical Air Forces, it commands the combat units. The Combined Air Operations Center is also at Eskişehir; on the night of 15 July 2016 all units were told to take orders through the operations centre there.
Main jet bases
F-16 squadrons at Balıkesir, Bandırma, Merzifon, Diyarbakır, Dalaman and Incirlik; Eskişehir flies the last F-4E 2020 Phantoms and the 401 test squadron, and Konya the E-7T Peace Eagles, the weapons and tactics squadron and both display teams.
Tanker and transport bases
Seven KC-135R tankers of 101 Squadron at Incirlik, heavy airlift with the A400M and C-130 at Kayseri, and tactical transport, VIP and government flights at Etimesgut in Ankara. Twelve ex-RAF C-130J-30s are due from late 2026.
2nd Main Jet Base
The air force’s only pilot school, on SF-260Ds, KT-1Ts and T-38Ms; new F-16 pilots then convert with 193 Squadron at Balıkesir. The home-built Hürjet is to replace the T-38M.
Unmanned aircraft and missile units
Batman is the air force’s drone base, and the service flies Anka and Akıncı drones. Wikipedia lists the S-400 and HAWK units under the air force; the S-400, delivered from July 2019, cost Turkey its place in the F-35 programme.
What the Turkish Air Force flies today
Elk type is gekoppeld aan de bijbehorende pagina in het Boek der Beesten, indien aanwezig. Het aantal vliegtuigen betreft de geregistreerde vliegtuigen, niet de vliegtuigen die op een bepaalde dag beschikbaar zijn.
| Type | Rol | In dienst | Sinds | Eenheden | Notities | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Dynamics / Lockheed Martin F-16C/D Fighting Falcon (Block 30/40/50/50+)In dienst | Multifunctionele gevechtsvliegtuig | 1987 | 270 delivered: 160 under Peace Onyx I (Block 30 and 40, 1987–1995), 80 Block 50 under Peace Onyx II (1996–1999, including an attrition batch) and 30 Block 50+ under Peace Onyx IV (2011–2012).
MeerWikipedia still gives 270 in service, which does not allow for losses; a confirmed 2026 count was not found. |
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| McDonnell Douglas F-4E 2020 TerminatorIn dienst | Jachtbommenwerper | 1974 | 54 F-4Es upgraded by Israel Aircraft Industries (26 in Israel, 28 in Turkey), delivered 1999–2003. How many still fly in 2026 was not confirmed. | |||
| Canadair / Northrop NF-5A/B 2000In dienst | Display team and lead-in trainer | 13 | 1993 | Seven NF-5A 2000 and six NF-5B 2000 with the Turkish Stars. | ||
| Boeing KC-135R StratotankerIn dienst | Lucht-lucht bijtanken | 7 | Seven per Wikipedia. | |||
| Boeing 737 AEW&C (E-7T Peace Eagle)In dienst | Luchtgebaseerde vroegtijdige waarschuwing en controle | 4 | 2014 | Four ordered, with an option for two more. | ||
| Airbus A400M AtlasIn dienst | Strategisch en tactisch transport | 10 | Ten, all delivered by 2018, per Wikipedia. | |||
| Lockheed C-130B en C-130E HerculesIn dienst | Tactisch transport | 18 | 18 left after the crash of 11 November 2025, when the whole fleet was grounded for inspection. The Aviationist counts 6 modernised C-130B and 13 C-130E in the ERCIYES upgrade. | |||
| CASA/TAI CN-235In dienst | Light transport and special mission | |||||
| Transall C-160DIn dienst | Tactical transport and special mission | |||||
| Northrop T-38M TalonIn dienst | Geavanceerde straaltrainer | 68 | 68 per Wikipedia. | |||
| KAI/TAI KT-1TIn dienst | Basistrainer | 40 | 40 ordered in June 2007 and built jointly by the two countries; a further 15 announced in April 2015 as an interim buy. Whether the extra 15 were delivered was not confirmed. | |||
| SIAI-Marchetti SF-260In dienst | Hoofdtrainer | |||||
| Airbus Helicopters AS532 CougarIn dienst | Combat search and rescue helicopter | Wikipedia gives 35 helicopters of all types (AS532, T-70, UH-1H, T625); the split was not confirmed. | ||||
| Bell UH-1H IroquoisIn dienst | Hulphelikopter | Included in Wikipedia’s total of 35 helicopters. | ||||
| TAI AnkaIn dienst | Drone voor middelhoge hoogtes en lange vliegduur | 36 | 2013 | 36 delivered to the air force by June 2022, per Wikipedia; later deliveries not confirmed. | ||
| Baykar Bayraktar AkıncıIn dienst | Heavy armed drone | 2021 | At least six with the air force, per Wikipedia (at least 17 across all Turkish services). | |||
| Baykar Bayraktar TB2In dienst | Tactical armed drone | Wikipedia gives 52 armed drones of all types with the air force; the TB2 share was not confirmed. |
Op bestelling
| Type | Besteld | Eerste levering | Notities | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lockheed Martin F-16 Block 70 ViperOp bestelling | 40 | The US approved 40 new jets and 79 upgrade kits in January 2024 in a package reported at $23 billion.
MeerOn 29 November 2024 Defence Minister Yaşar Güler said Turkey had dropped the 79 kits because TAI could do the upgrade itself; the 40 jets and munitions were put at about $7 billion, with a first payment of $1.4 billion. On 27 September 2026 a cabinet source said the money had been paid but deliveries had not been made. No delivery date has been published. |
||
| Eurofighter Typhoon (new-build, from the UK)Op bestelling | 20 | 2030 | Signed on 27 October 2025 during Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s visit to Ankara.
MeerThe headline value is £8 billion (about $10.7 billion); Turkey’s Ministry of National Defence gave £5.4 billion for the aircraft and weapons (Meteor and Brimstone), the rest being training and support. Güler’s schedule of December 2025: six in 2030, eight in 2031 and six in 2032. BAE Systems said in July 2026 that manufacture had begun. |
|
| Eurofighter Typhoon (used, from Qatar and Oman)Op bestelling | Reported numbers differ: 12 each from Qatar and Oman (Defense News, October 2025), 24 from Qatar and 12 from Oman for a fleet of 56 (Türkiye Today, 2026), or a total of 44 Typhoons including the 20 new ones (The Aviationist).
MeerA first Qatari jet was expected by the end of February 2026, but none had been reported in Turkey by 4 August 2026, and the Omani jets had slipped to 2028. No contract for used aircraft was published. |
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| Lockheed Martin C-130J-30 Super Hercules (ex-RAF)Op bestelling | 12 | 2026 | 12 retired RAF aircraft bought in 2025 for about $740 million, overhauled by Marshall at Cambridge; deliveries from late 2026 to 2028. | |
| TAI HürjetOp bestelling | 16 | First flight 25 April 2023; an order of four Block 0 with options for 12 Block 1 became a firm order for 16. The first production aircraft flew on 30 August 2026.
MeerTo replace the T-38M and the Turkish Stars’ NF-5s. Spain approved a large order in October 2025 (reported as 30 or 45). |
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| TAI Hürkuş-2Op bestelling | 55 | 2025 | Planned as 15 in 2025, 20 in 2026 and 20 in 2027, per Wikipedia; actual deliveries were not confirmed. | |
| TAI KAANOp bestelling | Fifth-generation fighter; first flight 21 February 2024.
MeerThe air force requirement is reported as 100, with a first Block 10 batch of 20 on F110 engines (US export approval June 2026, $705 million); Wikipedia gives both 2028 and 2030–2033 for first deliveries, so no date is given here. Indonesia signed for 48 on 26 July 2025. |
Every type the Turkish Air Force has retired
22 types, from the Blériot XI and other pre-1914 types to the Convair F-102A and TF-102A Delta Dagger. De piekcijfers hebben betrekking op het aantal vliegtuigen dat gedurende de gehele levensduur in gebruik is genomen, niet op de vlootsterkte op een bepaalde datum.
| Type | Rol | Piek | Geserveerd | Vervangen door | Notities | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Convair F-102A en TF-102A Delta Dagger | Onderscheppingsvoertuig voor alle weersomstandigheden | 50 | 1968–1979 | F-104G, F-100C | About 50, from USAF stocks, overhauled by CASA in Seville. | |
| Canadair CL-13 Sabre Mk 2 (F-86E(M)) | Dagvechter | 107 | 1954–1968 | 107 ex-RCAF aircraft. | ||
| McDonnell Douglas RF-4E Phantom II | Tactische verkenning | 54 | 1980– | 54 RF-4Es among the 236 Phantoms bought. | ||
| Lockheed F-104 Starfighter | Onderscheppingsvliegtuig en jachtbommenwerper | F-16 | ||||
| North American F-100C/D/F Super Sabre | Jachtbommenwerper | 206 | 206, including 21 F-100D and two F-100F from Denmark; the rest from USAF stocks. | |||
| Republic F-84F Thunderstreak en RF-84F Thunderflash | Jachtbommenwerper en verkenningsvliegtuig | F-102 | ||||
| Republic F-84G Thunderjet | Jachtbommenwerper | 479 | 1952– | 479 from 1952, per Wikipedia. | ||
| Northrop F-5A/B Freedom Fighter | Light fighter | |||||
| Douglas C-47 Dakota | Vervoer | |||||
| Supermarine Spitfire Mk I, V, IX en XIX | Jachtvliegtuig en verkenningsvliegtuig | |||||
| Hawker Hurricane I/II | Vechter | |||||
| Focke-Wulf Fw 190A-3 | Vechter | |||||
| Morane-Saulnier MS406 | Vechter | |||||
| Curtiss P-40 Tomahawk en Kittyhawk | Vechter | |||||
| Republic P-47D Thunderbolt | Jachtbommenwerper | |||||
| Consolidated B-24D Liberator | Zware bommenwerper | |||||
| Douglas B-26B/C Invader | Lichte bommenwerper | |||||
| de Havilland Mosquito Mk III/IV | Light bomber and trainer | |||||
| Bristol Beaufighter Mk I/X | Zware jager | |||||
| Bristol Blenheim IV/V | Lichte bommenwerper | |||||
| Fairey Slag I | Lichte bommenwerper | |||||
| Blériot XI and other pre-1914 types | Eerste militaire vliegtuig | 17 | 1912– | About seventeen aircraft flew reconnaissance in the Balkan Wars; the exact mix of types was not confirmed. |
Where the Turkish Air Force flies from
Zwarte pinnen zijn actieve bases, holle pinnen zijn de bases die gesloten zijn. Akıncı, the plotters’ base on 15 July 2016, lost its squadrons and took back its old name, Mürted; it is now a reserve airfield used by Turkish Aerospace. Yeşilköy, the Ottoman flying school of 1912, is listed as a historic site. Entries with no published aerodrome data carry no pin.
| Baseren | ICAO | Status | Startbaan | Eenheden en vliegtuigen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Çiğliİzmir Province (Aegean) | LTBL | Actief | 17/352.994 m |
|
| İncirlikAdana Province (Mediterranean) | LTAG | Actief | 05/233.048 mconcreet |
|
| BalıkesirBalıkesir Province (Marmara) | LTBF | Actief | 18L/36R2.990 m |
|
| BandırmaBalıkesir Province (Marmara) | LTBG | Actief | 18/363,007 m |
|
| BatmanBatman Province (South-eastern Anatolia) | LTCJ | Actief | 02/203.048 mconcreet |
|
| DalamanMuğla Province (Aegean) | LTBS | Actief | 01L/19R3.000 mconcreet | |
| DiyarbakırDiyarbakır Province (South-eastern Anatolia) | LTCC | Actief | 16/343,549 mconcreet |
|
| ErhaçMalatyaMalatya Province (Eastern Anatolia) | LTAT | Actief | 03/213.350 m |
|
| EskişehirEskişehir Province (Central Anatolia) | LTBI | Actief | 09/273.050 m |
|
| EtimesgutAnkara Province (Central Anatolia) | LTAD | Actief | 11L/29R2,607 m11R/29L1,509 m |
|
| Kayseri ErkiletKayseri Province (Central Anatolia) | LTAU | Actief |
|
|
| KonyaKonya Province (Central Anatolia) | LTAN | Actief |
|
|
| Mürtedformerly AkıncıAnkara Province (Central Anatolia) | LTAE | Actief | 03/213,351 m |
|
| MerzifonAmasya Province (Black Sea) | LTAP | Actief | 05R/23L3,235 mconcreet05L/23R3,235 mconcreet |
|
| YeşilköyTayyare MektebiIstanbul Province (Marmara) | Gesloten |
|
Geen enkele luchtmachtbasis voldoet aan die zoekopdracht.
Who is stationed where in the Turkish Air Force
Vliegende eenheden per basis, met de huidige eenheden eerst. Turkish squadrons are filos: 191 to 193 at Balıkesir, 131 to 135 at Konya, 111 and 113 at Eskişehir, several of them with names such as Kobra and Panterler. The US 39th Air Base Wing at Incirlik and NATO’s AWACS detachment at Konya are listed with the bases that host them.
- 131 Filo (131st Squadron)Ejder (Dragon) · Airborne early warning and control squadron · active
- Boeing 737 AEW&C (E-7T Peace Eagle)
- 132 Filo (132nd Squadron)Hançer (Dagger) · Fighter squadron (weapons and tactics) · active
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon (since 2007)
- 134 Filo, Turkish Stars (Türk Yıldızları) display teamAkrotim · Aerobatic display squadron · active
- Canadair NF-5A/B
- 135 Filo (135th Squadron)Ateş (Fire) · Search and rescue squadron · active
- AS532 Cougar Mk1, Bell UH-1H, CASA CN-235M-100
- NATO AWACS Forward Operating Base KonyaNATO forward operating base · active
- Boeing E-3A Sentry (NATO, deployed)
- 111 Filo (111th Squadron)Panterler (Panthers) · Fighter-bomber squadron · active
- F-4E 2020 Terminator
- 113 Filo (113th Squadron)Ceylan (Gazelle) · Fighter squadron · active
- RF-4E Phantom II (former, as Işık), F-16C/D Block 30/50
- 401 Test Filo (401st Test Squadron)Rüya (Dream) · Test and evaluation squadron · active
- F-16C/D Block 30/40, F-4E 2020 Terminator
- 201 Filo (201st Squadron)Atak · Search and rescue squadron · active
- AS532 Cougar Mk1, CASA CN-235M-100
- 112 Filo (112th Squadron)
- F-4E Phantom II
- 121 Filo (121st Squadron)Arı (Bee) · Advanced jet training squadron · active
- Northrop T-38M Talon
- 122 Filo (122nd Squadron)Akrep (Scorpion) · Basic training squadron · active
- KAI KT-1T
- 123 Filo (123rd Squadron)Palaz · Initial flight training squadron · active
- SIAI-Marchetti SF-260D, PAC Super Mushshak
- 124 Filo (124th Squadron)Öncü (Pioneer) · Instructor training and standardisation squadron · active
- 125 Filo (125th Squadron)Puma · Transport and helicopter pilot training squadron · active
- CASA CN-235, AS532 Cougar, Bell UH-1H
- 141 Filo (141st Squadron)1994–2016
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 142 Filo (142nd Squadron)
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 143 Filo (143rd Squadron)1999–2016
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 151 Filo (151st Squadron)Jachtvliegtuigeskader · actief
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 5th Search and Rescue unitMelek (Angel) · Search and rescue · active
- AS532 Cougar Mk1
- 153 Filo (153rd Squadron)
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 161 Filo (161st Squadron)Yarasa (Bat) · Fighter squadron · active
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 162 Filo (162nd Squadron)Zıpkın (Harpoon) · Fighter squadron · active
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 6th Search and Rescue unitSearch and rescue · active
- AS532 Cougar Mk1
- 2nd Army Aviation Regiment (Turkish Land Forces)Army attack helicopter regiment · active
- TAI T129 ATAK
- 171 Filo (171st Squadron)
- F-4E Phantom II / F-4E 2020
- 172 Filo (172nd Squadron)
- F-4E Phantom II
- 173 Filo (173rd Squadron)
- RF-4E Phantom II
- 181 Filo (181st Squadron)Pars (Panther) · Fighter squadron · active
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 182 Filo (182nd Squadron)Atmaca (Hawk) · Fighter squadron · active
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 202 Filo (202nd Squadron)Şark · Search and rescue squadron · active
- AS532 Cougar Mk1, CASA CN-235M-100
- 191 Filo (191st Squadron)Kobra (Cobra) · Fighter squadron · active
- F-86 Sabre (from 1956), F-104 Starfighter (from 1964 or 1969), F-16C/D Fighting Falcon (from 1990 or 1994)
- 192 Filo (192nd Squadron)Kaplan (Tiger) · Fighter squadron · active
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 193 Filo (193rd Squadron)Öncel · F-16 conversion training squadron · active
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 101 Filo (101st Squadron)Asena · Air refuelling squadron · active
- Boeing KC-135R Stratotanker
- 152 Filo (152nd Squadron)Akıncı (Raider) · Fighter squadron · active
- F-16C/D Fighting Falcon
- 39th Air Base Wing (US Air Force)Luchtmachtbasisvleugel · actief
- 211 Filo (211th Squadron)Gezgin (Voyager) · Air transport squadron · active
- CASA CN-235M-100
- 212 Özel Filo (212th Special Squadron)Doğan (Falcon) · VIP transport squadron · active
- Gulfstream IV and G550, Cessna Citation 560 and 650, Airbus A319 and A330, Bell UH-1H
- Electronic Systems SquadronElectronic warfare squadron · active
- CASA CN-235EW
- 221 Filo (221st Squadron)Esen · Air transport squadron · active
- Airbus A400M Atlas, Transall C-160D (former)
- 222 Filo (222nd Squadron)Alev (Flame) · Air transport squadron · active
- Lockheed C-130B/E Hercules
- Unmanned aircraft squadronGölge (Shadow) · Unmanned aircraft squadron · active
- IAI Heron, Bayraktar UAV (model not given in source), TAI ANKA
Geen enkel apparaat voldoet aan die zoekopdracht.
Turkish Air Force milestones, 1914 to today
1 June: the date the air force gives for its founding, with the Ottoman aviation commission.
21 February: Mehmet Fesa and Yusuf Kenan qualify at the Blériot school. 3 July: the flying school opens at Yeşilköy. From September about seventeen aircraft fly in the Balkan Wars.
23 April: the Grand National Assembly in Ankara creates an air branch; in July 1922 it becomes the Inspectorate of Air Forces at Konya.
Sabiha Gökçen flies in the Dersim operations, later recognised by Guinness as the first female fighter pilot. The Air War College is founded.
31 January: the Air Force Command becomes a separate service under General Zeki Doğan.
Turkey joins NATO; the first of 479 F-84G Thunderjets arrive and the 9th Fighter Wing forms at Balıkesir.
June: the first F-4E Phantoms arrive. 20 July: the air force flies over Cyprus. 21 July: Turkish aircraft sink the destroyer Kocatepe in error, killing 54.
March: the first F-16 arrives under Peace Onyx I; most of the 270 F-16s are assembled by TAI.
8 October: a Turkish F-16D is lost near Chios after an interception by Greek Mirage 2000s; Captain Nail Erdoğan is killed.
18–29 June: the first Anatolian Eagle exercise at Konya, with Israel and the United States.
28 December: two F-16s kill 34 villagers at Roboski, near Uludere, mistaken for PKK militants.
22 June: Syria shoots down an RF-4E off the Syrian coast; both crew are killed.
24 November: a Turkish F-16 shoots down a Russian Su-24 on the Syrian border.
15 July: coup plotters fly F-16s from Akıncı and bomb parliament; the base is closed and renamed Mürted on 6 September.
12 July: the S-400 arrives. 17 July: the United States removes Turkey from the F-35 programme.
21 February: the KAAN fighter makes its first flight. 29 November: Turkey drops 79 F-16 upgrade kits and keeps 40 new Block 70s.
27 October: 20 Eurofighter Typhoons ordered from Britain. 11 November: a C-130 breaks up over Georgia, killing 20.
30 August: General Rafet Dalkıran takes command, and the first production Hürjet flies.
Elke oorlog waaraan de Turkse luchtmacht heeft deelgenomen.
Uitvallen en verliezen waar de gegevens die vermelden, en een eerlijke blanco waar die ontbreken.
- De Balkanoorlogen 1912–1913 Flew reconnaissance for the Ottoman army
- De Eerste Wereldoorlog 1914–1918 Reconnaissance, artillery spotting, fighter and bombing missions with German aircraft and many German aircrew
- De Turkse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog 1919–1922 Flew reconnaissance for the nationalist army with aircraft left over from the First World War
- Operaties tegen de opstanden in Sheikh Said en Dersim. 1925–1938 Bombing and reconnaissance against Kurdish uprisings
- De Koreaanse Oorlog 1950–1953 No Turkish Air Force unit deployed
The Turkish Air Force display teams
Each team has its own page: history, aircraft, the display, the accidents and the sources.
Turkish Air Force news from Afterburner
Everything MiGFlug’s magazine has published on the Turkish Air Force and the aircraft it flies. Deze lijst wordt automatisch vernieuwd — nieuwe Afterburner-verhalen verschijnen hier automatisch.
Everything people ask about the Turkish Air Force
Hoe heet de Turkse luchtmacht in het Turks?
Welke vliegtuigen gebruikt de Turkse luchtmacht in 2026?
Waarom werd Turkije uit het F-35-programma verwijderd?
Koopt Turkije de Eurofighter Typhoon?
What happened to Turkey’s F-16 Block 70 order?
Why did Turkey shoot down a Russian Su-24 in 2015?
Was Sabiha Gökçen the first female military pilot?
What role did the air force play in the 2016 coup attempt?
Why do Turkish and Greek jets clash over the Aegean?
Wat is een Anatolische adelaar?
Read the aircraft the Turkish Air Force flew
Elk type met een pagina in het Boek der Dieren, eerst op basis van de periode dat het in dienst was, daarna op basis van het jaar waarin het de vloot verliet.
Alle feiten gecontroleerd
- Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı (official site)Official name; the site served a verification page and its content could not be read for this dataset.
- Presidency Directorate of Communications: 2026 yılı Yüksek Askerî Şûra (YAŞ) kararları (4 August 2026)Gen. Rafet Dalkıran appointed air force commander from 30 August 2026; Gen. Ziya Cemal Kadıoğlu retired.
- TRT Haber: Hava Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı’na Orgeneral Rafet Dalkıran atandı (4 August 2026)Appointment, predecessor, previous post as Combat Air Force commander.
- F-16.net: Turkey – Türk Hava KuvvetleriPeace Onyx I–IV: order September 1983, first aircraft March 1987, assembly by TAI; 270 F-16C/D.
- Airforce Technology: Türkiye reduces F-16 purchase deal with US, eyes F-35 re-entry (29 November 2024)79 kits dropped; 40 jets about $7 billion; $1.4 billion paid; Güler statements.
- FlightGlobal: Turkey drops plan to purchase F-16 Block 70 upgrade kits40 new F-16s retained; 79 kits dropped for work by Turkish Aerospace.
- Türkiye Today: Türkiye presses Washington for action on delayed F-16 deliveries (27 September 2026)Cabinet source: the sum paid, deliveries not made.
- TURDEF: Türkiye prioritises F-35s as F-16 Block 70 path stays open (21 December 2025)Güler: F-35 the priority; working groups on CAATSA, F-16 and F-35.
- MigFlug Afterburner: Turkey F-35 return still frozen over the S-400 (2026)State Department notice to Congress of 22 July 2026; six F-35s stored in the US. Its Typhoon dates differ from the contract sources and were not used.
- Defense News: Turkey signs $10.7 billion deal with UK for 20 Eurofighter jets (27 October 2025)20 jets, £8 billion, first delivery 2030; 12 each sought from Qatar and Oman.
- TURDEF: Türkiye confirms £5.4 billion Eurofighter Typhoon dealMinistry of National Defence confirmation; Meteor, short-range missiles and Brimstone included.
- Türkiye Today: Defense Minister Güler reveals Eurofighter Typhoon delivery timeline (21 December 2025)Six in 2030, eight in 2031, six in 2032; 12 Omani jets by 2028.
- The Aviationist: Türkiye to receive first Typhoons from Qatar in February (22 January 2026)Used Qatari and Omani Typhoons; a planned total of 44.
- Türkiye Today: Türkiye revises Eurofighter Typhoon plan, fleet to reach 56 jets within 4 years (2026)20 new, 24 Qatari and 12 Omani jets reported.
- Quwa: Türkiye’s first Eurofighter Typhoons are now being built (4 August 2026)BAE manufacture under way (30 July 2026); no ex-Qatari jet reported in Turkey; Oman slipped to 2028; £5.4 billion plus £2.5–2.6 billion support.
- UK National Archives: Sinking of the Turkish destroyer KOCATEPE off Cyprus, 21 July 1974Catalogue record of the British file on the sinking; confirms date.
- Defense News: Turkey begins 2026 with defense-spending numbers trending up (8 January 2026)MoND $19.08 billion (+31.6 per cent); total $27.34 billion; 2.33 per cent of GDP; inflation 30.38 per cent.
- TURDEF: Türkiye raises its defence expenditure to 2 trillion lira2.15 trillion lira for 2026 (1.202 trillion defence, 953 billion security); 1.608 trillion in 2025.
- Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Background note on Aegean disputeTurkish position on 6 and 10 nautical miles, the FIR and flight plans.
- Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs: National airspaceGreek position: 10 nautical miles since the decree of 6 September 1931.
- Hellenic Republic Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Athens FIRGreek position on flight plans; NOTAM 714 of 1974; Turkish refusal since 1980.
- Al Jazeera: Griekse en Turkse gevechtsvliegtuigen botsen (23 mei 2006)Griekse en Turkse officiële standpunten, waaronder minister van Defensie Vecdi Gönül.
- The Aviationist: Turkey buys RAF’s retired C-130Js (27 October 2025)12 C-130J-30, about $740 million, deliveries late 2026–2028; ERCIYES C-130B/E fleet.
- US Air Force: Incirlik Air Base history (fact sheet)Construction spring 1951; joint-use agreement December 1954; named 21 February 1955 and 28 February 1958; U-2; Provide Comfort 7 April 1991 to 31 December 1996; Northern Watch 1 January 1997 to March 2003; 39th ABW 12 March 2004.
- Anadolu Ajansı: Akıncı yeniden Mürted oldu (6 September 2016)Base downgraded to reserve airfield, squadrons dissolved, renamed Mürted; named Akıncı in 1993 after Staff Colonel Erol Akıncı (killed 1968).
- Anadolu Agency: Turkey: July 15 coup plotter gets 3,900+ years (2 December 2020)Akıncı trial; Akıncı air base the headquarters of the attempt; Bekir Ercan Van 79 aggravated life sentences.
- Anadolu Ajansı: Anadolu Kartalları "pilot yuvası"nda yetişiyorÇiğli the sole pilot-training centre; squadrons 121 to 125 and their aircraft; 10 simulators, about 150,000 hours. Publication date not shown in the fetched text.
- Savunma Sanayi: Kuruluşunun 115’inci yıl dönümünü kutlayan 2’nci Ana Jet Üs Komutanlığı (5 June 2026)Lineage from 27 September 1922 (Afyon); Çiğli 1952; titles 1961 and 1970; aircraft.
- Kokpitteyiz: Türk Hava Kuvvetleri filo ve komutanlıklar (20 March 2020)Turkish specialist site; squadron-by-base list as of 2020, used with care where later sources differ.
- F-16.net: Turkish Air Force F-16 unitsSpecialist site; F-16 squadrons by base with active or disbanded status.
- The Unit Report: Turkish Phantom anniversary (25 December 2024, updated 6 January 2025)First Phantoms 30 August 1974; eight squadrons at the peak; RF-4E withdrawn 12 March 2015; only 111 and 401 Filo at Eskişehir still fly the F-4E 2020; retirement about 2030.
- DefenceTurk: Uluslararası Anadolu Kartalı-2025 eğitimi tamamlandı23 June to 4 July 2025 at Konya; participants; series began 2001.
- NATO Allied Air Command: NATO eye in the sky forward deploys to Konya (17 December 2021)Two E-3As and 65 personnel, 10 November to 17 December 2021.
- Milliyet: Dalaman’a yeni bir ana jet üssü kuruldu (August 2024)16th Main Jet Base Command formed 11 August 2024 at the Naval Air Base site; F-16s to operate.
- Malatya Haber: Erhaç 7. Ana Jet Üssü de mi kapatılacak? (2 August 2016)Two RF-4Es crashed 27 February 2015, four aircrew killed; four armed F-4s held on the ground on 15 July 2016 by blocking the runway.
- Sabah: F-35’ler Malatya 7’inci Ana Jet Üssü’nde konuşlanacak (21 June 2018)429.5 million lira Nurol contract of 14 August 2017 for F-35 infrastructure.
- Malatya Söz: Malatya’daki 7’nci Ana Jet Üs’te Mehmetçik bayramı görev başında karşıladı (27 May 2026)Base active with 24/7 operations under a major general in May 2026.
- Anadolu Ajansı: Türkiye’nin ilk ana jet üssü vatan savunması için donanımlı pilotlar yetiştiriyor (26 April 2024)Founded 22 July 1942; brigade 1951; 9th Main Jet Base 1953; 191 and 193 Filo roles.
- Anadolu Ajansı: Gökyüzünün yılmaz bekçileri (26 February 2013)Balıkesir first jet base (1951); T-33s; eight F-84Gs 29 March 1952; 191 Filo history, Cyprus 1974 and Kosovo 1999.
- soL Haber: Batman’da İHA üssü kuruldu (1 January 2018)14th Unmanned Aircraft Systems Base Command at Batman shown in imagery for the first time.
- STRASAM: Yeşilköy Tayyare Mektebi’nin ilk günleri (20 Haziran 1912 – 15 Ekim 1912)School operational 20 June 1912; REP and Blériot aircraft; eight French-trained pilots.
- Defence Turkey: Türk Hava Kuvvetlerinin havadan ulaştırma kabiliyeti (23 May 2021)12th Air Transport Main Base: 221 Filo C-160D, 222 Filo 19 C-130B/E; nine A400Ms delivered.
- Hürriyet, Sedat Ergin: 15 Temmuz ve hava savaşları (1): Kayseri üssünün darbedeki kritik rolü (25 August 2017)A400M (221 Filo, in service from 2013) and C-130 (222 Filo); eight transports took off, one landed at its destination.
- Military.com: Interviews reveal chaos at Incirlik on night of coup attempt in Turkey (3 August 2016)Tanker from İncirlik refuelled coup F-16s; power cut; commander Bekir Ercan Van arrested.
- DHMİ: AIP TürkiyeConsulted: aerodrome sections require a subscription and could not be read; no AIP data used.
- DHMİ: Konya Havalimanı – Genel BilgilerState Airports Authority: opened 2000; civil and military; LTAN/KYA; 37°58’50” N, 32°33’45” E; terminal 24,175 sq m.
- Hürriyet Daily News: Turkish Air Force appoints female squadron commander for first time (9 September 2016)Maj. Esra Özatay, 134th Squadron, Turkish Stars, Konya, from 8 September 2016.
- F-16.net: 132 Filo (TuAF)Formed 1966 at Çiğli; disbanded 1990; re-formed 1992; NF-5A/B until 2007, F-16C/D since; weapons and tactics.
- Hürriyet Daily News: Boeing delivers first AEW&C to Turkey (4 February 2014)Contract 23 July 2003, over $1.6 billion; first aircraft 31 January 2014; planned 2008; penalty dispute.
- Hürriyet Daily News: Boeing delivers second Peace Eagle aircraft to Turkey (5 May 2014)Konya the fleet’s main operating base.
- Hürriyet Daily News: Boeing delivers last Peace Eagle to Turkey (9 December 2015)Fourth and final aircraft at Konya.
- NATO: AWACS – NATO’s eye in the skyFOBs at Konya, Aktion and Trapani; first counter-ISIS flight 20 October 2016 from Konya; paused May 2022.
- Hürriyet Daily News: NATO adds SAMP/T system to Türkiye’s air defense network (June 2026)SAMP/T to Konya; fourth NATO-linked air defence element in Türkiye.
- DHMİ: Balıkesir Merkez Havalimanı, Genel BilgilerState Airports Authority: LTBF/BZI; 39°37’10” N, 27°55’34” E; civil and military; in service 1998; 6,500 square metre terminal; domestic only.
- DHMİ: Balıkesir Merkez Havalimanı, Teknik Bilgiler ve KolaylıklarRunway 18L/36R 2,990 m by 45 m asphalt, PCN 62; elevation 340 ft (103.5 m); 4 km from the city.
- F-16.net: 191 Filo unit historyActivated 1947; F-84G 1952; F-104 1969–1980; F-16 1990; Ghedi 23 March to 10 June 1999; disbanded 2016, reactivated 2021. Conflicts with Anadolu Agency on several dates.
- F-16.net: 192 Filo unit historyHurricane 1947 to F-16 1992; Ghedi for Deny Flight 1994 and Deliberate Guard 1996–1997; NATO Tiger Meet 2023; Teknofest 2025.
- Türkiye Maarif Ansiklopedisi: Hava Harp OkuluTwo aircraft companies moved to Eskişehir in 1925; academy opened 1 October 1951 with 58 cadets; moved to İzmir 17 September 1954.
- F-16.net: 113 FiloGazelle (Ceylan); F-16C/D Block 30/50; formerly Işık on RF-4E; took over the traditions of 142 Filo (date given as 15 July 2016).
- F-16.net: 401 FiloRüya (Dream); F-16C/D Block 30/40; test and evaluation.
- Hürriyet Daily News, Sedat Ergin: Aerial wars on the night of the coup attemptBHHM Eskişehir loyal to Gen. Abidin Ünal; bases held by plotters. Publication date not shown in the fetched text.
- Hürriyet: Ankara’yı uçakla kana bulamışlardı! Akıncı davasında hainlere ceza yağdı (27 November 2020)475 defendants; 79 aggravated life terms and 3,901 years for four civilians and 15 officers; 77 killed in Ankara.
- Hürriyet Daily News (AFP): Coup plotters receive aggravated life sentences (26 November 2020)337 life sentences, 60 other jail terms, 75 acquittals; 251 killed and 2,200 wounded nationwide.
- Hürriyet Daily News: Turkish Air Force changes name of main base in Ankara used in coup attempt (6 September 2016)Name used until 1995; meaning of Mürted; brigade command cut to base command; about 60 aircraft of 141, 142 and 143 Squadrons moved to Merzifon, Eskişehir and Konya; runways bombed; democracy park proposal.
- F-16.net: 141 FiloFormed 1937; F-104G from 1964; first operational TuAF F-16 squadron; at Akıncı from 1994; Block 50 in 2011–2012.
- F-16.net: 142 FiloF-102A at Mürted 1972; Deny Flight at Ghedi April–December 1993; disbanded 1999, reactivated 2002.
- F-16.net: 143 FiloÖncel; first new F-16s 1987; redesignated 143 and moved to Akıncı in 1999; reconnaissance pods from 2014.
- Hürriyet Daily News: Turkey receives first shipment of Russian S-400s (12 July 2019)Defence Ministry statement: equipment arriving at Mürted Air Base from 12 July 2019.
- Hürriyet Daily News: Türkiye to deploy F-16s after renaming İncirlik base (18 April 2024)Ministry statement renaming the 10th Tanker Base Command the 10th Main Jet Base Command.
- Hürriyet Daily News: İncirlik air base is Turkish, not American: Officials (12 March 2026)Ministry statement; F-16, tanker squadron and drones; Turkish brigadier general commands; Spanish, Polish, Qatari personnel.
- Hürriyet Daily News: NATO deploys new Patriot battery to İncirlik base (18 March 2026)Second battery alongside the existing Spanish Patriot system.
- F-16.net: 152 Filo (Turkish Air Force)Moved from Merzifon to İncirlik after the 2016 coup attempt; Block 50 traded for Block 40. Specialist site, not official.
- US General Accounting Office: Operation Provide Comfort: Review of U.S. Air Force Investigation of Black Hawk Fratricide Incident (OSI-98-4, 5 November 1997)14 April 1994; two UH-60s shot down by F-15s; 26 killed; task force at İncirlik.
- deutschland.de: A very big move (2017)German contingent of 250 soldiers, six Tornados and a tanker moves from İncirlik to Jordan; Col. Frank Gräfe.
- Hürriyet Daily News: NATO intercepts fourth missile launched from Iran toward Türkiye (31 March 2026)Interceptions 4, 9, 13 and 30 March; debris in Hatay and Gaziantep; reported targets.
- OurAirports luchthavendatabase (openbaar domein)
Cijfers geverifieerd op 29-09-2026. De pagina's van Order of Battle worden opnieuw gegenereerd vanuit één dataset; als een getal hier niet overeenkomt met een pagina in Book of Beasts, is deze pagina de meest recente van de twee.
Photographs: Photo: Staff Sgt. Cherie A. Thurlby / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: Jerry Gunner from Lincoln, UK / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) · Photo: Steve Lynes from Sandshurst, United Kingdom / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) · Photo: Gian Marco Anzellotti from Roma, Italia / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) · Photo: Colin Cooke Photo / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: CeeGee / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo (Polish C-130E shown): Polish Air Force C-130E Hercules. Gerard van der Schaaf / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 2.0) · Photo: Anna Zvereva from Tallinn, Estonia / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Adrian Pingstone / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo (Italian SF-260 shown): Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0) · Photo: U.S. Army National Guard photo by Sgt. Alex Lopez / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Koby Saunders / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: Rob Schleiffert from Holland / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Dosseman / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo: Filip.vidinovski / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo (F-84G in other markings shown): United States Air Force / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo (Sabre in other markings shown): Alan Wilson / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo (Greek C-47 shown): Georgios Pazios (User:Alaniaris) / Wikimedia Commons (Attribution) · Photo: Berkay Çopur / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 4.0) · Photo (Hurricane in other markings shown): Ad Meskens / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0) · Photo (Fw 190 in other markings shown): Sot.virk. Eino Nurmi / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo (MS.406 in other markings shown): Heikki Roivainen / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo (Dutch P-40 shown): Fotograaf Onbekend / DLC / Wikimedia Commons (CC0) · Photo (P-47 in other markings shown): Photos: US Air Force / Wikimedia Commons (public domain) · Photo (B-24 in other markings shown): Photos: US Air Force / Wikimedia Commons (public domain) · Photo (B-26 in other markings shown): US Air Force B-26 Invader. US Air Force / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo: RuthAS / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0) · Photo (Beaufighter in other markings shown): Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo (Finnish Blenheim shown): SA-kuva / Wikimedia Commons (Public domain) · Photo (Belgian Fairey Battle shown): Alan Wilson from Stilton, Peterborough, Cambs, UK / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0) · Photo: Alan Wilson / Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 2.0)